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Summary NUR 2474 NUR2474 Final Exam Pharmacology for Professional Nursing Final Exam Review (Latest
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Chapter 57: Drugs for Diabetes MellitusTest Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The nurse working on a high-acuity medical-surgical unit is prioritizing care for four patients
who were just admitted. Which patient should the nurse assess first?
a. The NPO patient with a blood glucose level of 80 mg/dL who just received 20 units
of 70/30 Novolin insulin
b. The patient with a pulse of 58 beats per minute who is about to receive digoxin
(Lanoxin)
c. The patient with a blood pressure of 136/92 mm Hg who complains of having a
headache
d. The patient with an allergy to penicillin who is receiving an infusion of
vancomycin (Vancocin)
ANS: A
The NPO patient with hypoglycemia who just received 70/30 Novolin insulin takes priority,
because this patient needs to consume a good source of glucose immediately or perhaps the
NPO status will be discontinued for this shift. The digoxin may be withheld for the patient
with a pulse of 58 beats per minute, but this is not a priority action. The patient with a
headache needs to be followed up, but because the blood pressure is 136/92 mm Hg, the
headache is probably not caused by hypertension. The patient with an allergy to penicillin will
not have a reaction to the vancomycin.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
REF: Types of Insulin | Short Duration: Rapid Acting | Short Duration: Slower Acting | Intermediate
Duration TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential
2. A patient with type 1 diabetes is eating breakfast at 7:30 AM. Blood sugars are on a sliding
scale and are ordered before a meal and at bedtime. The patient’s blood sugar level is 317
mg/dL. Which formulation of insulin should the nurse prepare to administer?
a. No insulin should be administered.
b. NPH
c. 70/30 mix
d. Lispro (Humalog)
ANS: D
Regular insulin is indicated for sliding scale coverage. Insulin is definitely indicated for this
high blood sugar level. NPH is used for scheduled insulin doses and is a longer acting insulin.
A 70/30 mix is also used for scheduled insulin coverage.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
REF: Types of Insulin | Short Duration: Rapid Acting | Short Duration: Slower Acting | Intermediate
Duration TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential
This study source was downloaded by 100000835004878 from CourseHero.com on 03-13-2022 17:36:00 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/14433868/Ch57/
, 3. A nurse is educating the staff nurses about ketoacidosis. To evaluate the group’s
understanding, the nurse asks, “Which sign and symptoms would not be consistent with
ketoacidosis?” The group gives which correct answer?
a. Blood glucose level of 600 mg/dL
b. Blood glucose level of 60 mg/dL
c. Acidosis
d. Ketones in the urine
ANS: B
A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has a high glucose level (at least 500 mg/dL or
higher); therefore, a glucose level of 60 mg/dL would not be consistent with DKA. A blood
glucose level of 600 mg/dL, acidosis, and ketones in the urine are consistent with DKA.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis
REF: Acute Complications of Poor Glycemic Control | Diabetic Ketoacidosis
TOP: Nursing Process: Evaluation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential
4. The nurse assesses a newly diagnosed patient for short-term complications of diabetes. What
does this assessment include?
a. Evaluation for hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and ketoacidosis
b. Cranial nerve testing for peripheral neuropathy
c. Pedal pulse palpation for arterial insufficiency
d. Auscultation of the carotids for bruits associated with atherosclerosis
ANS: A
High blood sugar, low blood sugar, and ketoacidosis are short-term complications of diabetes.
Microvascular and macrovascular complications, such as peripheral neuropathy, are long-term
complications of diabetes. Arterial insufficiency and atherosclerosis also are long-term
complications of diabetes.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Short-Term Complications of Diabetes
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential
5. Which statement is accurate about the long-term complications of diabetes?
a. Long-term complications are almost always the result of hypoglycemia and
ketoacidosis.
b. The complication rates for patients with tightly controlled type 2 diabetes are the
same as for those whose disease is not tightly controlled.
c. Tightly controlling type 1 diabetes produces excessive episodes of life-threatening
hypoglycemia.
d. Tightly controlling both types of diabetes reduces the risk of eye, kidney, and nerve
damage.
ANS: D
In both types of diabetes, tightly controlling the disease slows the development of
microvascular complications. Short-term complications are more apt to result from
hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis. Patients with type 2 diabetes have fewer complications if
their blood sugar level is tightly controlled. Hypoglycemia does not occur more frequently in
patients with tightly controlled type 1 diabetes.
This study source was downloaded by 100000835004878 from CourseHero.com on 03-13-2022 17:36:00 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/14433868/Ch57/
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