100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Summary ALL AQA ALEVEL ECONOMICS INTO KEY WORDS $19.95   Add to cart

Summary

Summary ALL AQA ALEVEL ECONOMICS INTO KEY WORDS

 18 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • Institution

all contents of aqa alevel economics summarised into keywords TO HELP YOU ACE ALL YOUR ESSAYS AND MAXIMISE YOUR MARKERS topics include - competiveness - government borrowing - contestability - monopoly - oligopolies - poverty - taxation - trade union - unemployement - wages - ...

[Show more]

Preview 4 out of 38  pages

  • September 18, 2022
  • 38
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary
avatar-seller
Economic concepts related to competitiveness

PED

YED

XED

PES

Marshall Lerner Condition

J – Curve

Weak / strong £

Exchange rates

Economies of scale

Multiplier

Injections and withdrawls

Accelerator

Rate of interest

Subsidies

Trends

Demand pull inflation

Cost push inflation

National living wage

Productivity

APS / MPS

APC / MPC

BRICs

Productive efficiency

Allocative efficiency

Trade unions

protectionism

, Consequences of increased borrowing by Governments

Widening budget deficit

Increase in PSNCR

Increase in national debt

Austerity measures: increase taxes and reduced government exp

Benefits of govt spending

Benefits of fall in taxes

Borrowing will lead to crowding out

Borrowing will lead to increase in money supply (inflation)

International credit rating may fall and has consequences for future borrowing

Seeking help from IMF and the conditions they place

Impact on growth, jobs and prices

, Contestability – best way to achieve efficiency?

Lower entry barriers

Lower sunk costs

Lower exit costs

Less abnormal profit

Normal profit in LR

Productive and allocative efficiency in the LR

Threat of entrants changes behaviour of incumbents

Collusion and cartels more likely

Other ways of achieving efficiency

Role of government to regulate

Realism of contestable markets

, Negative Externalities

Market failure

Allocative inefficiency (over production and consumption)

Failings of price mechanism

Private costs / social costs

Private benefits / social benefits

External costs

Third party / negative spill over effects

Deadweight social burden (triangle area)

Policies (tax, pollution permits, tradeable permits, regulation, ban, extending property rights)

Government failure (regulatory capture, conflict of objectives, worse resource allocation)

Diagram



Positive externalities

Market failure

Allocative inefficiency (under production and consumption)

Failings of price mechanism

Private costs / social costs

Private benefits / social benefits

External benefits

Third party / positive spill over effects

Potential welfare gain

Merit goods

Policies (direct provision, subsidise, marketing, age restriction, legally enforce)

Government failure (waiting lists, worse resource allocation, bad provision schools/NHS)

Diagram

Brilliant table: top page 29 of diagram book – all types of failures

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller jenny17. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $19.95. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

83662 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$19.95
  • (0)
  Add to cart