Climate & The Biophysical Environment (GEOG 2110) - Lecture Notes
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Course
GEOG 2110 (GEOG2110)
Institution
University Of Guelph (U Of G
)
All of the lectures notes for GEOG 2110 - Climate & The Biophysical Environment, taught at the University of Guelph. Mix of hand-written and typed notes.
Most radiation that hits Earth 's surface
Incoming shortwave radiation
light
>
is visible
- '
-
/ heat)
Outgoing longwave radiation
-
-
>
ALL OBJECTS RADIATE HEAT
Amount of radiation an based on the
object emits is
•
object 's temperature
Awarmerobejectemits more radiation than a cooler
•
object
Any object whose temperature is greater than absolute
-
zero contains some heat that is
,
being radiated away
from that object
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
Natural
greenhouse effect is a critical component of
-
the Earth 's climate
UNEQUAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOLAR RADIATION
sunhitsthesurfaceatagreaterangle.at/-hepo1es--Al- the equator sun hits more directly radiation is focused on
-
-
,
/ cooler ) (holter)
radiation
isspreadoveralargerarea a smaller area
↳
2.5 times more insolation at the
equator
INCOMING RADIATION VARIES SEASONALLY
As the Earth orbits around the Sun the tilt causes
Changes in albedo throughout the year also affects the
-
.
,
different hemispheres to face the sun
throughout the year amount of radiation absorbed at Earth 's surface
LATITUDINAL DIFFERENCES
23.50N and S is where insolation is the
strongest Sea ice cover in the increases albedo
.
poles more
-
-
>
insolation reflected
ALBEDO OF DIFFERENT SURFACES
affected by surface
Albedo
percentage of incoming radiation that is reflected Albedo colour and incident
angle
-
is
-
-
rather than absorbed
ALBEDO AND SUN ANGLE
less than 5% reflected / water)
sun
angle controls heat absorption High incidence angle
-
-
-
Latitudinal differences have influence Low incidence reflection
-
on albedo
an
angle
•
-_
more
POLES V5 EQUATOR
The poles / high latitudes) retain less of the little The
equator / tropics / low latitudes) retain more of the
large
• -
radiation they receive amount of radiation they receive
SURFACE ALBEDO VARIES SEASONALLY
In the Arctic sea places exists for multiple sea ice around Antarctica expands and contracts annually
' -
,
ice in many ,
years at a time
altering the surface albedo in the southern hemisphere
Most in the northern hemisphere come from
changes
'
snow cover Overland masses
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