Summary of the Hellenistic ERA (400-30 B.C.): Greater Greece
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Course
Civilization
Institution
SKEMA Nice (SKEMA)
This document is a summary of the Hellenistic era (greater Greece).
1) The crisis of the city-States
2) The Greeks as a Ruling Nation
3) Hellenistic Thinkers: The Individual and the Universe
CHAP 5: GREATER GREECE: THE HELLENISTIC ERA (400-30 B.C.)
1) The Crisis of the City-States
A) The Peloponnesian War
- Sparta: Well-trained army + most powerful city-state in Greece
- Persian Wars Sparta and Athens as PARTNER and then RIVAL
- After the defeat of Xerxes (Persian) Sparta leave the fighting
- Athens form alliances with city-states contribution of money from them
- Therefore: Athens = largest fleet on the Mediterranean
- After Athens freed of Persian Athens forces Persian to pay tribute (money)
- Some city-states do not accept the democracy of Athens they call Sparta to put a check
on Athens
- Athenians (Pericles=leader) showed caution and strategy
- Spartan = unbeatable on the battlefield BUT not equipped for siege warfare
- Athenians use their navy to guard the sea routes
- Finally = Athens loose vs Sparta Athens become forced allies of Sparta under harshly
ruling oligarchy
- Both cities are weakened other city-states try to be the dominant (Persia/Thebes)
- Plato = search for an ideal city-state
- Aristotle = no doubt about the SUPERIORITY of the Greeks in human excellence
- Greeks way of life is becoming more and more important in the world
- North of Greece: Rising power = Kingdom of MACEDONIA
- Macedonia will put an end to the independence of the city-states
- Greeks will enjoy a brief moment of unity
B) The rise of Macedonia
- Border territory between Greece and still-barbarian peoples
- Native Greeks-speakers
- Ruled traditionally = kings and warrior nobles
- Larger and richer in resources than city-states
- The king admires the Greeks
- King Philip 2: Wants control of the city-states want to lead Greeks and Macedonians as
UNITED FORCE against Persia
- Adopt Greeks tactics / Improve weapons / strong cavalry
- Some people are seeing the potential danger that represent Philip BUT, city-states do
not take menaces seriously
- Athenians and Thebans = Alliance against Philip
- Battle of Chaeronea = Macedonia won decisive battle
- Philip won the power He let the city-states govern themselves BUT they must be
oligarchies and act as loyal allies
- Philip will avenge the Greek temples and sanctuaries Invasion of Persian
- Philip assassinated his son (Alexander 3) will carry the alliance
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