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Summary Year 12 AQA A-level Chemistry Quick Revision
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Year 12 AQA A-level Chemistry Quick Revision notes written by an A* student. Clear, concise and very helpful come revision time
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Year 12 AQA A-level Chemistry Quick RevisionAldehydes and Ketones
Ethanol reacts with Tollens reagent to form silver
CH3CH2BR + NACN and hydrolysis of resulting product gives propanoic acid
CH3CH2CH2OH with mild oxidation gives propanal which gives silver mirror
Effervescence with sodium carbonate shows presence of a COOH
Isomerism
Geometric isomerism to be shown you require two different functional groups and restricted
rotation around C=C double bond
Transforming compounds
Ethanol dehydrated to ethane you need H2SO4
Alkene to bromoalkane its electrophilic addition
Bromoalkane to Alcohol its Nucleophilic substitution
Alcohol to ketone/aldehyde its oxidation
For alcohol to ketone you need potassium dichromate concentrated in sulphuric acid
and heated under reflux to ensure proper heating
Mass spectrometry
How are ions formed in TOF?
-Substances is bombarded by fast moving e- which knock off e- off the sample creating
positively charged ions
-Necessary to ionise as ions will be accelerated by the electric field and only ions will
produce a current when hitting the receiver of the back plate
Oxidation states
Best oxidant is when thing is in highest oxidation state
Best reluctant is when thing is in lowest oxidation state
Increase in oxidation state indicates how many of substances outer e- are involved in
bonding to other substance
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