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Summary TOWIN Learning Goal 9
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Infectious diseases - YouTube videoWhat are infectious diseases?
- A disease caused by an infectious agent.
- Viruses, bacteria, parasites
- A global problem
- In the past leading cause of death
- Deaths have reduced due to nutrition, antibiotics, immunisation and food
safety and sanitation.
- But they are still a problem.
What happens with infection
- When an organism enters the body, some people fight it off with their immune system
while others can go on to develop disease.
- Likely to develop disease if they have a weakened immune system or if
they’re not immune to it.
- Incubation Time: the time from when someone gets infected to when symptoms
start.
- Clinical stage of the disease: marked by the onset of symptoms.
- Mild to severe.
Infectious diseases terms
- Infectious period: The time during which an infected person can spread the disease
and infect others.
- Case Fatality: A measure of the severity of a disease. The proportion of people who
have died after being infected.
- 6 van de 10 zijn dood dus 60% case fatality
- Basic Reproductive Rate (how infectious a disease is): Average number of
secondary cases that occur as a result of one infected individual.
- 15 means that 1 infected person can cause up to 15 other cases
- Secondary Attack Rate: Proportion of people who are exposed to the disease that
develop an infection.
- 10% betekent dat 1 van de 10 die bloot wordt gesteld geïnfecteerd is.
Category diseases
- Zoonotic Disease: Diseases of animals which when transmitted to humans can
cause disease.
- Emerging infectious disease: Disease that has appeared in the population for the
first time or one that may have existed previously but is rapidly increasing.
- Neglected Tropical Diseases: Affect the poorest countries of the world.
- Vector-Borne Diseases: Diseases
that are transmitted from an infected
animal or human to another through
the bite of a vector.
- Most common vectors are
mosquitoes, ticks, flies, or
snails.
,Noncommunicable diseases and their risk factors - YouTube video
- Non-Communicable diseases have increased because of:
- Population ageing
- Urbanisation
- Globalisation
- Changes in lifestyles
- Non-communicable diseases have become a great epidemic.
- Noncommunicable diseases can largely be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle.
- Laws and regulations are needed to make the healthy choice the easiest choice.
- Without these more people will develop a non-communicable disease.
- Some countries have acted by:
- Reformulating processed food.
- Making more fresh food available.
- Regulating sales of junk food in schools.
- Increasing taxes on tobacco, alcohol, and sugary drinks.
- Facilitating access to smoking programs
- Banning tobacco use in enclosed public spaces
- Limiting the advertising of cigarettes, alcohol, and junk food
- Creating opportunities for physical activities.
- Creating recreational bicycle paths
- Promoting the use of public transportation
- Ensuring access to health services for its population by the government
without discrimination.
WHO the top 10 causes of death
, - In 2019, the top 10 causes of death accounted for 55% of the 55,4 million deaths
worldwide.
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