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IP1 - EXAM 1 Complete summary (Literature & lectures)
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Everything you need for exam 1 of Interventions and Policies 1. Extensive summary of all articles and all three lectures.
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Period 1 Interventions and Policies IL1- Literature
Systematic Program Planning
,Period 1 Interventions and Policies I
What is a planning model? An introduction to PRECEDE-PROCEED - Crosby
PRECEDE-PROCEED = Voorafgaan – doorgaan
Planning models exist at a macroscopic level; they serve as an organizing framework for an entire
health promotion effort aimed at fostering reduction in a given disease.
> A particularly useful, widely applied, and easy-to-follow example of a planning model is the
PRECEDE-PROCEED planning model (PPM).
o The PPM is very much an ecological approach to health promotion.
o The PPM is actually quite simple to understand once one realizes that it embodies two key
aspects of intervention:
a) planning, and
b) evaluation
o The PPM guides the program planner to think logically about the desired end point and work
“backwards” to achieve that goal.
> Planning models serve as a blueprint for building and improving intervention programs.
o Theory is an essential part of that blueprint, one that is necessary for building a successful
program.
o While our blueprint (planning model) does not specify the exact theory that we should use
in the program, it does specify basic guidelines that will guide us through the process of
making these key decisions, including choosing an appropriate theory for the program.
PRECEDE-PROCEED planning model
> PRECEDE stands for Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Constructs in Educational/
environmental Diagnosis and Evaluation.
o Generally speaking the PRECEDE phases correspond with steps 1 through 4 of the model.
> PROCEED, on the other hand, stands for Policy, Regulatory, and Organizational Constructs in
Educational and Environmental Development.
o This aspect of the model begins with step 5 of the model.
> The PPM is very much an ecological approach to health promotion.
o In a nutshell, an ecological approach means that all aspects of a person’s environment are
considered as potential intervention targets, as well as the person’s own cognitions, skills,
and behavior.
o The PPM is a framework that, when used properly, guides the user to engage the target
community to develop a sound ecologically based approach to the problem at hand.
▪ “Begin where the people are and help them move forward.”
, Period 1 Interventions and Policies I
Summary
> The basic assumption of the PPM is that behaviors are complex and have multidimensional
etiologies.
> This planning model is a method of approaching the complex task of making substantial progress
in the reduction of morbidity and mortality at the community level through developing,
implementing, and evaluating health promotion programs.
> The PPM guides the program planner to think logically about the desired end point and work
“backwards” to achieve that goal.
> Through community participation, the planning process is broken down into objectives, step 3 sub-
objectives, and step 4 sub-objectives.
> Conceptually, this approach to health promotion provides context to the use of theory, with theory
being applied at the fourth step. This observation teaches a vital lesson, namely that program
planning is larger and a more comprehensive task compared to the subservient function of
theory selection and application.
> The arrows show causal pathways between the steps.
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