Summary MAW-NL: Introduction to Statistics (SPSS) 2022 {PASS}
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Course
MTO-B-MAW: inleiding statistiek (424503B5)
Institution
Tilburg University (UVT)
You can use this manual during the MTO-B-MAW digital SPSS test: introduction to statistics. This explains the steps you need to follow to complete the assignments. Good luck!
SPSS Practical 1 - Data Handling & Descriptive Statistics
Tip: Percentages typ je met een punt.
Rij — horizontaal
Kolom — verticaal
Data View — Respondents
Variable View — Variables
Level of measurement (Measure)
- Nominal
- Scale
- Ordinal
Value Labels (Values)
Descriptive statistics are values that give us an impression of what the data look like as a whole.
Examples of descriptive statistics are the mean, standard deviation, and frequencies.
Statistical analysis
A frequency distribution
Analyze —> Descriptive Statistics —> Frequencies
Output
A histogram is another way to display the frequencies of a variable. It allows us to easily see if the
data on a variable are normally distributed.
Graph
- Mean (Mean)
- Standard deviation (SD or Std. Dev.)
Descriptive statistics
Analyze —> Descriptive Statistics —> Descriptives
Options —> ✔ Variance
Besides getting an overall impression of the data, another reason to look at the descriptive
statistics is to see if there are any errors in the data le, such as answers that are outside the
range of expected values.
Errors
Data —> Sort Cases (only if there are empty answers)
Data View —> Respondent number … —> Clear
Split File/ Comparative question
Data —> Split File —> Compare groups (only one variabele)
Descriptive statistics*
Turn of the Split File option
Data —> Split File —> Analyze all cases, do not create groups (SPLIT FILE OFF.)
fi
, Missing values can occur for all kind of reasons. Respondents may refuse to give answers, did not
understand the question and therefore refrain from answering the question, or simply overlook a
question.
Missing values
A frequency distribution*
Missing System
Data —> Sort Cases
Data View —> Code missing values: 999 or 99
Variable View —> Missing —> Discrete missing values 999
Missing 999
Codebook
1 Frequency distribution*
Analyze —> Descriptive Statistics —> Frequencies
2 Compute new variables
Transform —> Compute Variable
Target Variable: the name of the new variable
Numeric Expression: formula
or
Create new variables by recoding
Transform —> Recode into Di erent Variables
Numeric Variable -> Output Variable: variable
Output Variable: the name of the new variabele
—> Old and New Values
3 Missing values* (run on old variables)
Data —> Sort Cases (only if there are empty answers)
Data View —> Code missing values: 999
Variable View —> Missing —> Discrete missing values 999
4 Compute new variables*
Transform —> Compute Variable —> OK
5 Frequency distribution*
Analyze —> Descriptive Statistics —> Frequencies
A mean below zero indicates a general decrease in satisfaction and mean above zero indicates a
general increase.
Value labels
Variable View —> Values
Value: 1, 2, 3, etc.
Label: Satisfaction decreased (example)
Valid Percent
The percentage based on the situation in which the participants who did not answer this question
are omitted.
Scatter plot
Graphs —> Legacy Dialogs —> Scatter/Dot —> Simple Scatter
Output —> Graph —> dubbelklik —> Add Fit Line at Total
In general: the steeper the line, the stronger the correlation).
ff
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