Class notes
College notes Developmental Psychopathology () - Exam 1
- Course
- Institution
All the notes from the lectures for exam 1 of Developmental Psychopathology: - Fundamentals I - Fundamentals II - Anxiety - Depression
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
layladirkzwager
Content preview
DP – Hoorcollege aantekeningen – SamenvattingEXAM 1
HC 1: FUNDAMENTALS I
Developmental Psychopathology (DPP)
- The study of normal development that has gone awry
- Abnormal development that leads to psychopathological problems in children and
adolescents
- Problem behaviors for both youth and his/her environment
NORMAL AND ABNOMRAL BEHAVIOR
What is abnormal behavior?
- Not just atypical, but can be also harmful
o Externally or internally
- Developmentally inappropriate
- Need to consider a variety of variables
o Most important/crucial: age and situation/context
o Gender
o Culture (ethnicity or race)
- Parents and professionals may differ on their views of a child and what is considered
(in)appropriate
- Society has changing views of abnormality
Developmental Psychopathology perspective
- Abnormal development is multiply determined
o Must look beyond current symptoms, larger context
o Consider developmental pathways and interacting events
- Children and environments are interdependent – transactional view
o Both children and the environment as active contributors to adaptive and
maladaptive behavior
o Maladaptive in one situation can be adaptive in another situation
- Abnormal development involves continuities and discontinuities
o Continuity developmental changes are gradual and quantitative, predictive of
future behavior patterns
o Discontinuity developmental changes are abrupt and qualitative; not
predictive of future behavior patterns
Changes: Typical and atypical
Approximate Normal Common behavior Clinical disorders
age (years) achievements problems
0–2 - Eating - Stubbornness - Mental retardation
- Sleeping - Temper - Feeding disorder
- Attachment - Toileting - Autistic disorder
difficulties
2–5 - Language - Arguing - Speech and
- Toileting - Demanding language disorders
- Self-care skills attention - Problems stemming
- Self-control - Disobedience from child abuse
- Peer relationships - Fears and neglect
- Overactivity - Some anxiety
- Resisting bedtime disorders, such as
phobias
6 – 11 - Academic skills and - Arguing - ADHD
rules - Inability to - Learning disorder
- Rule-governed concentrate - School refusal
, DP – Hoorcollege aantekeningen – Samenvatting
games - Self-consciousness behavior
- Simple - Showing off - Conduct problems
responsibilities
12 – 20 - Relations with - Arguing - Anorexia
opposite sex - Bragging - Bulimia
- Personal identity - Anger outbursts - Delinquency
- Separation from - Risk-taking - Suicide attempts
family - Drug and alcohol
- Increased abuse
responsibilities - Schizophrenia
- Depression
Developmental tasks
Infancy Middle childhood Adolescence
- Attachment to caregivers - Self-control and - Successful transition to
- Language compliance secondary schooling
- Differentiation of self - School adjustment - Academic achievement
from environment - Academic achievement - Involvement in
- Getting along with peers extracurricular activities
- Rule-governed conduct - Forming close friendships
within and across gender
- Forming a cohesive
sense of self-identity
Behavioral indicators of abnormal behavior
- Developmental delay
- Developmental regression or deterioration
- Extremely high or low frequency of behavior
- Extremely high or low intensity of behavior
- Behavioral difficulty persists over time
- Behavior inappropriate to the situation
- Abrupt changes in behavior
- Several problems behaviors
- Behavior qualitatively different from normal
Factors involved in judgements of (ab)normality
- Developmental norms
- Cultural norms
- Gender norms
- Situational norms
- Role of adults
- Changing views of abnormality
How common are problems
- 5,4 -35,5% of youth aged 4-18 have DPP problems
- 15-20% of the youth that have problems have ‘clinic levels’ of disorder symptomology
- According to the APA
o 10% of youth have serious problems
o 10% have mild or moderate problems
- Infants and toddlers are also at risk
- Variability in rated due to:
o Different estimation methods
o Different populations
, DP – Hoorcollege aantekeningen – Samenvatting
o Different definitions of psychopathology
- Many do not receive help making it harder estimate
Impact of developmental level
- Some evidence that disorders have a particular age of onset
o It doesn’t occur at that age, but occurs more frequently at that age
- Sometimes onset is insidious
- Some behaviors are easier to determine at a particular age
Impact of gender
- Gender can impact:
o Timing
o Severity
o Expression (expected behaviors)
Expected behavior because of a social norm
- Concerns about gender bias exist
- External problems decrease over time: occurs more by males
- Internal problems increase over time; occurs more by females
Historical influences
- Early explanations of psychopathology
o Adult-focused
o Demonology
o Somatogenesis (bodily imbalances)
o Strong focus on single cause
- Nineteenth century
o Classification Kraepelin
o Some childhood disorders identified
Mental retardation received attention
o Progress made on conceptualization of etiology
- Influential theories
o Sigmund Freud & Psychoanalytic theory his psychosexual theory of
development was one of the first developmental stage theories
o Behaviorism behavior is learned – caused by interactions with the
environment
o Social learning theory learned behavior also comes from observations of one’s
environment
Perspective and theory
- Perspective
o View, approach, cognitive set
- Paradigm
o Perspective shared by investigators
Same assumptions and concepts
Same methods for evaluation
- Theories of psychopathology
o Micro and macro
Models
- Interactional variables interrelate to produce an outcome
- Transactional/systems ongoing reciprocal transactions of environment and person
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller layladirkzwager. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $5.97. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
64438 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now