Summary
VU Amsterdam European History 500-1500 full summary
- Course
- Institution
- Book
full summary for European History 500-1500 (VU Amsterdam History and International Studies Year 1 mandatory course)
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
Seller
Follow
hosookim
Content preview
Week 1: The Establishment of 5. Hierarchy of the Church(1) Patriarch (pope=bishop of Rome)
Christianity (important cities=Rome,
1. Timeline Constantinople, Alexandrea,
Anitoch)
311 Christianity officially permitted
312 Constantine’s mysterious conversion on eve of (2) Archbishop(big cities) (Augustine)
battle of Milvian Bridge
(3) Bishop(diocese): civil administration
313 Edict of Milan (civitas)
363 Emperor Julian the Apostate (return to Roman
Gods)
(4) Parish Priest: administration of
379-395 Theodosius 1 made Christianity as a state sacraments, from local population,
religion going into each monastery
380 explicit call to convert to Christianity (everyone needs at least 1 person to
administer sacraments)
393-4 ban to Olympics, closure of temple of Apollo
400 first heathen martyrs fell (stoned by Christians) Cardinals, curia: “the locked up” for the
decision of the popes, very close to
government, local nobility
2. Ethics of Christians
- Militantes pro Deo (fight for God) Clergies, monks: practicing sacraments
- Filli ecclesiae (sons of the church) (physical manifestation)
- Candidate of a clergy = shave the crown of
the head(tonsure), based on canon law,
3. Theocratic Beliefs celibacy, privilegium fori, privilegium
- Caesaropapist: the secular ruler is the immunitatis
highest ruler - Important for people’s ‘salvation’ -> by
- Hieocratic: spiritual authority is the primary performing sacraments (forgive sins)
(Constantine, Theodosius 1)
- Dualism: separating spiritual and secular as Saint: (martyrs, determined witnesses,
two autonomous spheres (Gelasuis 1) already won victories, 2 miracles,
- Doctrine of the two swords, clear division canonization, going through trial with devil
advocate, resides in heaven after death) =
mediators of God and human (legal
4. Christian Doctrine procedures –lawyers- were important to
- Creation / fall / incarnation / redemption judge these procedures)
(cruxification and resurrection) / second
coming of Christ (last judgement)
6. West Papal States
- Pope = new ally and protector of the Franks
(Carolingians)
1
, (ex) Pope Zachary recognized the mayor 9. Monasticism
Pippin as the ruler (751) - Vows of monks: poverty, obedience,
- An alienation between the West and the chastity (asceticism in solitude, withdrawn
East until reunification in 1450. from the world, in small communities)
- Monastic life: wisdom, spiritual freedom,
7. Material Wealth of the Church preserving sacraments, de-secularization,
- Proprietary church system (private obedience to the abbot, praying for the
foundations, separate institutions that people, put souls in purgatory, communal
constitute church, aristocracy) activities (prayer, eating, fasting)
- Levying tithes (1/10)
Ex1) Benedictines (the ‘stabilitas’): based on
Benedict of Norcia (485-560), work and pray, stay
in one community and obey, Pope Gregory
7. Ordinations of the Church Ex2) Peregrinatio(Irish): going outside (exile) to
preach and deliver the word of god, influenced the
= by practicing the seven sacraments, you
Frankish people
culminate into priest or bishop
Eucharist (priest): transubstantiation,
confirmed in the 4th Lateran Council,
communion yearly obligatory
10. Orthodoxy and Heterodoxy
Baptism (priest, deacon)
- Fathers of the Church: Ambrose, Jerome,
Confession (priest)
Augustine, Gregory
Confirmation (bishop)
- Vulgate: Latin translation of bible made by
Ordination (bishop)
Gregory the Great, Jerome, Istrian
Extreme unction (priest)
- St. Augustine(354-430): the “Confessions”,
Marriage(contractants)
“The City of God”(410)
(1) The Trinity
8. Church Councils
- The relationship of father and son
= decisions made in synods or councils
Arius(Arianism): Jesus is not god but the
= Carolingian rulers made through
first of all creatures
capitularies (from secular administration)
Orthodox(C. of Nicea): son=father
(1) Council of Nicea (325): holy trinity, one+
Homoiousios = two similar beings
holy catholic and apostolic
Homoousios= one being
(2) First General Church Council(649):
- The holy spirit
Lateran in Rome, church discipline and
Debate of filioque (= ‘and from the son’,
organization, reforms
1054 Eastern Schism, east vs west)
(2) The Nature of Christ
- Incarnation, relation of god and human
Christ
Nestorians: 2 people, 2 nature
2
, Monophysitism: 1 person, 1 nature Ex) Columba, Willibrod,
Orthodox: 1 person, 2 natures (C. of Efesus Boniface(supported by the Franks) to
432 & Chalcedom 451) spread Christianity to Saxons
(3) The Nature of Church Use of force (= the ‘doopbelofte)
Donatism: purity is the central, no value of Top-down movement
the sacraments made by the ‘unclean’ (<-> Took long time, gradual conversion
intrinsic values of sacraments are more Politics involved, superficial faith
important) set backs (Bonifactus 754), syncretism
Pelegians: view of man’s free will and divine
grace, viewed man’s freedom of choice
curtailed by social circumstances (<-> 13. Christianisation and Syncretism
mankind is tainted by original sin) - slow, imperfect, social/mental penetration
- ambivalent attitude in use of force, text
essentials in Latin
11. The Iconoclast Controversy - Syncretism
- Destruction of icons, supported by ex) designation of time, identification of
conservative Christian communities, heathen gods, Christian saints and rites,
stimulated by success of Islam practices in magic or superstition
- Leo 3 (717-741) & Constantine 5: permitted ex) Heiland (old German Epos): translation
the bishops to destroy things of gospel, written Christ as a knightly figure,
- Iconoclasm become orthodoxy in 730- related to local culture
780/813-843 (Byzantine empire) ex) purgatory: built in 12th century
- Ended up renounced by the Byzantine
empire
12. Spread of Christianity
- Christianity always aiming at expansion
(1) Bishops appointed to Christian
communities (diplomatic actions)
ex) St. Patrick in Ireland
(2) Political insights
ex) Clovis (King of Franks, 466-511):
needed support of t
he Gallo-Roman elites=Church, linked
with military action
(3) Conversion of elites
: the conversion of Clovis (496) affected
the people, local population merge with
the elites and all become converted to
Catholic,
(4) Irish & Anglo Saxon Monks
3
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller hosookim. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $3.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
52510 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now