In dit document staat de theoretische cursus Linux samengevat. Het gaat hier over de basisconcepten van Linux tot de verschillende processen, services en software.
Zaken zoals file systemen en permissions, directory structures, Linux processen, remote shells en de Linux services worden hier besp...
Linux, the free operating system , if you don’t value your time
,Linux Elektronica-ICT
Inhoudstabel
H1: Introduction ............................................................................................................... 2
1.1 Unix................................................................................................................................................ 2
1.2 GNU-Linux...................................................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Operating Systems......................................................................................................................... 2
1.4 Virtualisatie ................................................................................................................................... 3
H2: Linux Basics ................................................................................................................ 3
2.1 File System ..................................................................................................................................... 3
2.2 User omgeving ............................................................................................................................... 4
2.3 File Permissions ............................................................................................................................. 4
2.4 Directory Structure ........................................................................................................................ 5
2.5 “In Linux everything is a file” ......................................................................................................... 5
2.6 PC Hardware .................................................................................................................................. 5
H3: Linux Processes........................................................................................................... 6
3.1 Linux Boot Process......................................................................................................................... 6
3.2 Processes & System calls ............................................................................................................... 7
3.3 Terminal & Shell ............................................................................................................................ 8
H4: Linux Advanced.......................................................................................................... 8
4.1 Remote shell .................................................................................................................................. 8
4.2 X-Window System ....................................................................................................................... 10
4.3 Software & Packages ................................................................................................................... 11
H5: Linux Services & Software ......................................................................................... 12
5.1 Linux Services .............................................................................................................................. 12
5.2 Linux Kernel ................................................................................................................................. 13
1
, Linux Elektronica-ICT
H1: Introduction
1.1 Unix
Unix is ontstaan in de jaren ’70 als een opvolger van Multix. Uit de fouten van Multix werd
Unix gebouwd. Het is geschreven door Ken Thompson en Dennis Ritchie (de creator van de
programmeertaal “C”). Het werd oorspronkelijk gemaakt voor mainframes en
supercomputers, wat het bijgevolg heel duur maakte.
Unix werkt volgens de filosofie: “De gebruiker weet wat hij doet.” Dit zijn enkele principes
die Unix volgt:
• Small is beautiful
• Each program does one thing well
• Portability over efficiency
• Data is stored in flat text files
• Use shell scripts to increase leverage and portability
1.2 GNU-Linux
De 4 basisrechten van Free Software volgens Richard Stallman:
1) Het recht op onbeperkt gebruik voor alle doeleinden.
2) Het recht om te bestuderen hoe het programma werkt.
3) Het recht om kopiën van de software te delen.
4) Het recht om het programma te verbeteren en deze verbetere versie terug te
distribueren.
OpenSource is bijna identiek aan Free Software, met uitzondering van het recht om free-
software en closed-software gebundeld te verdelen. Enkele voorbeelden van populaire
OpenSource software zijn Firefox, LibreOffice, Gimp, VLC, Blender, Wine en Wireshark.
Dit staat in hevig contrast met Proprietary Software Licence. Hierbij wordt je niet de
eigenaar maar krijg je enkel het recht om de software te gebruiken. Je mag het niet
kopiëren, reverse-engineren, wijzigen, etc.
1.3 Operating Systems
Een operating system is de syteem software die de computerhardware en de
softwarebronnen beheert en diensten aanbiedt aan de applicatie-software. Enkele functies
van een OS zijn:
• Gebruikers interface
• Geheugen-, programma- en bestandsbeheer
• Beheer van I/O naar hardware
• Behandelen van foutmeldingen
2
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