A concise summary of the photoelectric effect for grade 12 leaners doing IEB and DBE.
It includes both theory and practice questions to refresh the memory.
It is perfect for recap purposes.
,✓Electromagnetic spectrum
✓Wavelength and frequency
✓Photons
✓Visible light & UV rays
ROYGBIV
Longest Shortest
Lowest Highest
, Photoelectric effect
• DEF: the photoelectric effect is the process whereby electrons are emitted from
metal surface when light or EM radiation of a suitable frequency is incident on
the surface.
Basically→ emission of electrons from a metal surface
, QUANTUM THEORY: MAX PLANCK
• Energy emitted by light and other EM radiation is not continuous
• This energy can be divided into small minimum quantities/packets aka photons (quantum)
• The energy of each photon is directly proportional to the frequency of the radiation
E = hx
= hx c
h= planck’s constant = 6,63 x 10^-34
f= frequency (Hz)
c= speed of light = 3,0 x 10^8
, NOW: the photoelectric effect explained from above
• When light photon with energy (E=hf) strikes the surface of a metal- all the
energy of that photon is transferred to the electron
• This photon must have a minimum amount of energy to overcome the force of
attraction between the metal and the electron + remove the electron from the
surface (work function)
• The electrons that are removed = photoelectrons ☺
Definitions:
• Work function
• Frequency threshold
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