Disputes
Samenvatting ‘Mediation, Arbitration, and Alternative Dispute
Resolution (ADR)’
Disputes (= geschillen) are unavoidable. Disputes kunnen op verschillende manieren
opgelost worden, van gewoon gezamenlijk oplossen tot een rechter erbij halen. Daartussen
liggen nog andere oplossingen op een continuüm:
Private ordering and public ordening zijn de twee uitersten op het spectrum, waarbij
private ordening het minst heftig is, waarbij het gewoon tussen twee partijen uitgepraat kan
worden. Public ordening is juist het andere uiterste, waarbij er wel echt een uitspraak in de
rechtzaal wordt gedaan. Dit zijn dus de twee uitersten van het continuum, maar daartussen
hebben we nog een heleboel andere oplossingen:
Mediation is a process in which a third party (usually neutral and unbiased)
facilitates a negotiated consensual agreement among parties, without rendering a
formal decision.
In arbitration, a single third party or a panel of arbitrators, most often chosen by the
parties themselves, renders a decision, in terms less formal than a court, but often
with a written award.
Het verschil tussen mediation en arbitration is dat volledige private arbitration
unenforceable (= niet afdwingbaar) is. Mediation is dan een goed alternatief; anders dan
arbitration is het non-binding, meer flexibel en beide partijen krijgen vooral een reality
check, want het herinnert ze eraan wat er op het spel staat. Mediation is thought to provide
individualized solutions to problems, rather than generalized notions of ‘justice’ (as in
arbitration).
ADR (= alternative dispute resolution) includes a variety of hybrid processes built on
the basic processes of mediation and arbitration. Evaluate disputes in a more
knowledgeable way than courts. Expertise matters; a key role is to interpret
application of facts to clear rules.
ADR heeft echter ook nadelen:
No debate about and creation of rules and political values for the larger
community (privatization of jurisprudence)
As settlements are conducted in private and often have confidentiality or secrecy
clauses attached to them, others will not learn about wrongs committed by
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