Inleiding en geschiedenis in de psychologie (595101B5)
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Tilburg University (UVT)
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Pioneers of Psychology
D.m.v. deze samenvatting een 8,5 gehaald! Bevat theorie met uitgebreide uitleg en afbeeldingen over alle hoofdstukken uit het boek Pioneers of Psychology - Fancher & Rutherford. De samenvatting is geschreven voor het vak Inleiding en geschiedenis van de psychologie - bachelor psychologie op Tilburg...
pioneering philosophers of mind descartes locke leibniz
physiologists of mind brain scientists from gall to penfield
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Pioneers of Psychology Fancher, 87 testbank questions with anwsers, University California, Summer 2024
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Summary history of psychology (tilburg university)
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Inleiding & geschiedenis van de psychologie; samenvatting
Inhoud
Hoofdstuk 1.......................................................................................................................................4
Griekse filosofen.................................................................................................................................4
Socrates..........................................................................................................................................4
Plato...............................................................................................................................................4
Aristoteles.......................................................................................................................................4
Islamitische filosofen..........................................................................................................................4
Alhazen...........................................................................................................................................4
Avicenna.........................................................................................................................................5
Hoofdstuk 2.......................................................................................................................................5
René Descartes...................................................................................................................................5
Methode.........................................................................................................................................5
Fysica..............................................................................................................................................5
Mechanistische fysiologie...............................................................................................................5
Dualisme.........................................................................................................................................6
John Locke..........................................................................................................................................6
Godfried Leibniz.................................................................................................................................7
Hoofdstuk 3.......................................................................................................................................7
Franz Josef Gall...................................................................................................................................7
Pierre Flourens...................................................................................................................................8
Broca en Wernicke.............................................................................................................................8
Paul Broca.......................................................................................................................................8
Carl Wernicke.................................................................................................................................8
Fritsch en Hitzig..................................................................................................................................8
Hoofdstuk 4.......................................................................................................................................9
Kant en Hume.....................................................................................................................................9
Hermann Helmholtz.........................................................................................................................10
Fysiologisch mechanisme.............................................................................................................10
Sensatie........................................................................................................................................10
Gustav Fechner.................................................................................................................................11
Gestalt psychologie..........................................................................................................................11
Hoofdstuk 5.....................................................................................................................................12
, Wilhelm Wundt................................................................................................................................12
Centrale en perifere reactietijden................................................................................................12
Mentale chronometrie.................................................................................................................12
Experimentele en voluntaristische psychologie............................................................................12
Edward Titchener.............................................................................................................................13
Külpe en Ebbinghaus........................................................................................................................13
Hoofdstuk 6.....................................................................................................................................15
Charles Darwin.................................................................................................................................15
Uniformatitarianisme vs Catastrofisme........................................................................................15
Natuurlijke selectie.......................................................................................................................15
Emoties.........................................................................................................................................15
Invloed..........................................................................................................................................16
Hoofdstuk 7.....................................................................................................................................16
Francis Galton...................................................................................................................................16
Psychologie van individuele verschillen........................................................................................16
Hereditary Genius.........................................................................................................................16
Nature-nurture debat...................................................................................................................17
Statistische correlatie...................................................................................................................17
Tweelingstudies............................................................................................................................19
Hoofdstuk 8.....................................................................................................................................19
William James...................................................................................................................................19
Hall...................................................................................................................................................20
Calkins..............................................................................................................................................20
Thorndike.........................................................................................................................................20
Hoofdstuk 9.....................................................................................................................................21
Pavlov...............................................................................................................................................21
John Watson.....................................................................................................................................21
Tolman en Hull..................................................................................................................................22
Skinner..............................................................................................................................................22
Hoofdstuk 10...................................................................................................................................23
Anton Mesmer..................................................................................................................................23
Jean-Martin Charcot.........................................................................................................................24
Suggestibiliteit..................................................................................................................................24
Floyd Allport.....................................................................................................................................24
Elisabeth Loftus................................................................................................................................25
Hoofdstuk 11...................................................................................................................................25
, Sigmund Freud..................................................................................................................................25
Cathartische methode..................................................................................................................25
Dromen.........................................................................................................................................26
Ontwikkeling kinderen..................................................................................................................26
Model psyche...............................................................................................................................27
Invloed..........................................................................................................................................27
Hoofstuk 12.....................................................................................................................................28
Gordon Allport..................................................................................................................................28
Nomothetische methoden............................................................................................................28
Idiografische methoden................................................................................................................29
Abraham Maslow.............................................................................................................................29
Humanistische psychologie..........................................................................................................29
Hoofdstuk 13...................................................................................................................................30
Alfred Binet.......................................................................................................................................30
Jean Piaget........................................................................................................................................31
Hoofdstuk 15...................................................................................................................................32
Hugo Münsterberg...........................................................................................................................32
Frederick Taylor en Lilian Gilbreth....................................................................................................32
Hawthorne studie.............................................................................................................................33
Leta Hollingworth.............................................................................................................................33
Hoofdstuk 16...................................................................................................................................34
Paul Meehl........................................................................................................................................34
Molly Harrower en David Shakow....................................................................................................34
Effectiviteit van therapie..................................................................................................................34
Aaron Beck en Albert Ellis.................................................................................................................34
Starke Hathaway...............................................................................................................................35
, Hoofdstuk 1
Foundational Ideas from Antiquity
Thema: wat is de rol van de geest bij kennisverwerving?
Socrates
Socrates schreef zelf niets op. Wat we van hem weten komt vanuit zijn leerling Plato en diens
dienstleerling Aristoteles. In zijn geschriften over Socrates, legde Plato zijn eigen zienswijze
hier bovenop
Rationalisme= gebruik van rede om tot echte kennis over de wereld te komen
Nativisme= kennis en ideeën over de wereld zijn aangeboren
Plato
Maakte in zijn idealisme onderscheidt tussen verschijningsvorm (appearance) en ideale vorm
o Verschijningsvorm= hoe de dingen zich aan je voordoen
o Ideale vorm= zit achter de verschijningsvorm, bevindt zich in je geest
Allegorie van de grot: Plato’s voorbeeld om te illustreren hoe wereld in elkaar zit
Aristoteles
Empirisme: kennis= observatie + classificatie (bv. taxonomie)
Classificatie gebeurt door de geest, die een aantal filters (zielen) heeft waardoor we wereld
waarnemen
o Substantie (wat), kwantiteit (hoeveel), kwaliteit (kleur, vorm), plaats (waar), tijd
(wanneer), relatie (bv. groter-kleiner), activiteit (wat doet het)
Ordening van zielen
o Vegetatieve zielen: voeden, voorplanten bv. planten
o Sensitieve zielen: sensatie, bewegen, geheugen, verbeelding bv. dieren
o Rationele zielen: logisch redeneren bv. mensen
Islamitische filosofen
Alhazen
Schreef boek over optica (licht en zicht) en visuele waarneming
Mechanistische kijk op de werking van het oog: zien is passief
(buiten naar binnen , zoals horen) i.t.t. actief (binnen naar buiten, zoals tastzin)
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