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Samenvatting - Analyse van de beweging

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Samenvatting academiejaar 2021/2022 Dia's + eigen notities Lector: Tom Sarlet

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  • October 9, 2022
  • 32
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary
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Inhoudsopgave
1. Vlakken en assen...................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Vlakken............................................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Assen...............................................................................................................................................................1
2. Bewegingsrichtingen.............................................................................................................................................2
3. Synoviale gewrichten............................................................................................................................................4
3.1 Scharniergewricht (hoekgewricht)..................................................................................................................4
3.1.1 Schroefgewricht.......................................................................................................................................4
3.1.2 Spiraalgewricht.........................................................................................................................................5
3.2 Draaigewricht of rolgewricht..........................................................................................................................5
3.3 Eigewricht of condylair gewricht.....................................................................................................................5
3.4 Zadelgewricht..................................................................................................................................................6
3.5 Kogelgewricht..................................................................................................................................................6
3.6 Vlakke gewricht of glijdend gewricht..............................................................................................................6
4. spieren...................................................................................................................................................................7
4.1 spierweefsel....................................................................................................................................................7
4.2 Opbouw van een spier....................................................................................................................................7
4.3 Contractie van de spier...................................................................................................................................8
4.3.1 Isometrische/statische contractie............................................................................................................8
4.3.2 Isotonische contractie..............................................................................................................................9
4.3.3 ISOKINETISCHE contractie........................................................................................................................9
4.4 contractie op myofibril-niveau........................................................................................................................9
4.5 Beweging en bewegingsomvang...................................................................................................................10
4.6 Beïnvloedende factoren op de spierkracht...................................................................................................11
4.6.1 Dikte van de spier...................................................................................................................................11
4.6.2 Motorische eenheid...............................................................................................................................12
4.6.3 Lengte van een spier..............................................................................................................................13
4.6.4 lengte van een spier...............................................................................................................................14
4.6.5 Snelheid..................................................................................................................................................15
5. Biomechanica......................................................................................................................................................16
5.1 Kracht............................................................................................................................................................16
6. Synthese spieren en bewegingen........................................................................................................................17
6.1 Schouder........................................................................................................................................................17
6.2 Elleboog en arm.............................................................................................................................................18
6.3 Pols................................................................................................................................................................18
6.4 Heup..............................................................................................................................................................19

, 6.5 Knie................................................................................................................................................................20
6.6 Enkel..............................................................................................................................................................20
Practica....................................................................................................................................................................22
Practicum 1: bewegingsanalyse..........................................................................................................................22
1.1 Staan en zitten...........................................................................................................................................22
1.2 Wandelen..................................................................................................................................................24
Practicum 2: bewegingsanalyse..........................................................................................................................30
2.1 Methode doortrekken naar alle bewegingen...........................................................................................30




Analyse van de beweging 2

,ANALYSEREN VAN DE BEWEGING
1. VLAKKEN EN ASSEN

Vlakken

frontaal vlak

Sagittaal vlak

Transversaal vlak



Assen

a) Longitudinale as

b) Sagittale as

c) Transversale as

1.1 VLAKKEN



Frontaal vlak Sagittaal vlak Transversaal vlak
Longitudinale en transversale as Longitudinale as en sagittale as Sagittale as en transversale as

Voorste- achterste deel Rechter- en linkerhelft Boven- en onderzijde

Mediaanvlak of midsagittale vlak
Evenwijdig met voorhoofd Evenwijdig met vloeroppervlak
(= vlak precies in middenlijn)
Dwarsdoorsnede van het lichaam
Loodrecht op mediaanvlak Loodrecht op frontale vlak
(transversaal = dwarslopend)
(horizontaal doorsnijden)
(verticaal doorsnijden) (verticaal doorsnijden)
Horizontaal vlak


1.2 ASSEN



Longitudinale as Sagittale as Transversale as
Lengte- as (lengterichting van het Dorso- ventrale as
Horizontale as Breedte- as
lichaam) Diepte- as
Boven naar beneden lopend Horizontaal van links naar rechts
Voor- achterwaarts lopend
(verticaal) lopend
CC- as (cranio- caudale as) AP- as (anterior- posterior as) LL- as (latero- laterale as)
Snijlijn sagittaal en transversaal Snijlijn transversaal en frontaal
Snijlijn sagittaal en frontaal vlak
vlak vlak




Analyse van de beweging 1

, 2. BEWEGINGSRICHTINGEN



Terminologie

Flexie, flexio Buiging


Extensie, extensio Strekking


Weg van het lichaam, naar
Abductie, deviatie, abductio
buiten trekken


Adductie, adductio Naar het lichaam toe, aantrekken


Rotatie, rotatio Draaiing, beweging rond een as




 Anteflexie (naar voor) en retroflexie (naar achter) van
het been (heup) en de arm (schouder) = flexie en
extensie
 Flexie bovenarm/dij = anteflexie
 Extensie bovenarm/dij = retroflexie
 Elevatie = opheffen van arm of dij boven de
horizontale lijn

 Hyperextensie = Beweging verder dan normale bewegingsomvang



 Anteversie van het bekken = naar voor kantelen
 Retroversie van het bekken = naar achter kantelen

 Lateroflexie = laterale flexie (kromming WK)



 Flexie hand vanuit pols
· Palmaire flexie (handpalm)
· Dorsiflexie, dorsaalflexie (handrug)

 Flexie voet vanuit de enkel
· plantaire flexie (voetzool)
· dorsiflexie, dorsaalflexie (voetrug)




Analyse van de beweging 2

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