A revision document with short summaries, schemes, pictures and example questions made using several IB Biology Textbooks, class notes and online resources.
carbon atoms form four covalent bonds
all living organisms are created from
carbon compounds, including
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and
nucleic acids
,Metabolism is the web of all enzyme catalysed reactions in a cell or organism
Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules including
the formation of macromolecules from monomers by condensation reactions
Catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules
including the hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers
Example question: Draw molecular diagrams to show the condensation reaction
between two amino acids to form a dipeptide [4]
each amino acid with a COO–/COOH group at one end AND a NH2/NH3+ at the other
CH in middle with H or R group attached
peptide bond correctly drawn between N and C=O
COO–/COOH group at one end of dipeptide AND NH2/NH3+ at other end
loss of water
Example question: Distinguish between anabolism, catabolism and metabolism [3]
metabolism is all enzyme-catalyzed reactions in a cell/organism/is anabolism plus
catabolism
anabolism is synthesis of polymers/complex/largermolecules/larger substances «from
smaller molecules/monomers»
catabolism is breaking down «complex» molecules/substances «into simpler/smaller ones/
into monomers»
, Example question: Draw the structure of a dipeptide [3]
two amino acids, one with NH2/NH3+ end and one with COOH/COO– end
peptide bond between C=O and N—H correctly drawn
«chiral» C with H and R group on each amino acid
peptide bond labelled/clearly indicated between C terminal of one amino acid and N terminal of
the second amino acid
Water
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