Unit 1C - Britain, 1625-1701: conflict, revolution and settlement
Institution
PEARSON (PEARSON)
These are my revision notes I used during the 2022 exams. It includes a full summary of everything in the course in bullet point format but a sufficient amount of information is included in each bullet point.
I achieved an A in history at A-level, 33/40 on the Stuart Britain exam on my transcrip...
Unit 1C - Britain, 1625-1701: conflict, revolution and settlement
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The Personal Rule: Finance
Sources of Income: ((no serious opposition to these policies))
- from 1634, forest fines (boundaries declared by Edward |Il) introduced by
Attorney General Noy
- nuisances, fines for building outside London's city walls without permission
- distraint of knighthood (landowners who refused to pay for knighthoods
were fined)
- monopolies (technically illegal since 1624) reappeared as patents, widely
granted
- licences, sold by govt. to evade operation of patents
- City of London fined in 1632 after failing to provide Protestant settlers to take
over Irish land
- warship, under guidance of Cottingham (increased income from £35k p.a.
to £62k in 1637 and £76k in 1640)
Ship Money: (aroused serious opposition, v. significant)
- extended by Charles in 1634 from maritime/coastal counties to all counties
to 'maintain fleet
- argued that everyone should pay for national defence, tax paid to
Treasurer of the Navy
- collected by sheriffs, success in early years (c. £600k raised in first three years
after 1634)
- John Hampden's Case 1637 (only 7-5 majority in King's favour), amount
collected then dropped significantly
- 1637 saw drop in yield due to increasing food prices/new taxes to raise
troops against Scots/Hampden's case
- was not a decisive factor in men's allegiance when Civil War broke out in
1642
- many sheriffs who collected money for King fought for Parliament, as did
half of towns who contributed to tax
Crown remained underfunded in the 1630s as Charles didn't attempt reform of
money raising methods. The Personal Rule was successful as Charles ran
effective govt. w/ money he had.
The Personal Rule: Religious Policies
- Up to 1533, Church in England part of RC Church owing allegiance to Pope
in Rome until Henry VIll made himself Head of the Church (now Protestant)
- key features included monarch as Head, an English Bible and an English
Prayer Book
Conservatives in the Protestant Church:
- liked ceremony, accepted older 'Catholic' church structure/liturgy, believed
should have episcopacy - wanted decoration in churches, to retain priests
wearing clerical vestments
- believed they were reforming, not destroying, the old Catholic Church
Puritans:
- radical Protestants who believed the Pope was like the anti-Christ
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