MODULE 12: ALTERATIONS OF PULMONARY FUNCTION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2022

MODULE 12: ALTERATIONS OF PULMONARY FUNCTION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2022 Chronic bronchitis - ANS-A nurse is caring for a patient who smokes and has a chronic cough. What does the nurse suspect? coughing up blood. - ANS-A patient has hemoptysis. What did the nurse observe? The patient is: Eupnea - ANS-A patient's breathing pattern is 12 breaths a minute that are effortless and rhythmic. What term should the nurse use to document this finding? Hypocapnia and respiratory alkalosis Feedback: Hypocapnia from hyperventilation results in a respiratory alkalosis that also can interfere with tissue function. - ANS-A patient is hyperventilating. While checking the laboratory results, which findings will the nurse find? inadequate ventilation of well-perfused areas of the lung. Feedback: Hypoxemia can be caused by inadequate ventilation of well-perfused areas of the lung (low V/Q). - ANS-A primary care provider states that the patient has a low V/Q ratio. What does the nurse interpret this to mean? The patient has: pH is 7.21 Feedback: Respiratory failure is defined as inadequate gas exchange such that PaO2 2 = 50 mm Hg with pH. - ANS-A patient has acute respiratory failure. Which laboratory result will the nurse observe? Monitoring the chest tube Feedback: Pneumothorax is treated with insertion of a chest tube that is attached to a water-seal drainage system with suction. - ANS-A patient has a pneumothorax. Which action by the nurse is most important for this patient? Exudative Feedback: Pleural effusions that enter the pleural space from intact blood vessels can be transudative (watery) or exudative (high concentrations of white blood cells and plasma proteins). - ANS-A patient has pleural effusion containing white blood cells and plasma proteins. Which term will the nurse use to describe this type of effusion? It takes more effort to expand the lungs during inspiration, increasing the work of breathing. Feedback: Restrictive lung diseases are characterized by decreased compliance of the lung tissue. This means that it takes more effort to expand the lungs during inspiration, which increases the work of breathing. - ANS-A patient has restrictive lung disease. Which principle should the nurse remember while providing care to this patient? Aspiration Feedback: Aspiration tends to occur in individuals whose normal swallowing mechanism and cough reflex are impaired by central or peripheral nervous system abnormalities. - ANS-A patient who had a stroke has impaired swallowing and coughing. The nurse should monitor this patient for which complication? Inflammation Feedback: All disorders causing ARDS cause massive pulmonary inflammation that injures the alveolocapillary membrane and produces severe pulmonary edema, V/Q mismatch (shunting), and hypoxemia. - ANS-Underlying the pathophysiology of ARDS is massive pulmonary: Respiratory acidosis Feedback: Respiratory acidosis is an ominous sign in asthma patients and may indicate impending respiratory failure. - ANS-A patient has asthma. Which finding would cause the nurse to notify the primary care provider? Smoking cessation Feedback: Chronic management of emphysema begins with smoking cessation. - ANS-A patient has emphysema. Which of the following is it most important for the nurse to teach the patient? Tuberculosis is highly contagious and transmitted from person to person via airborne droplets. - ANS-Which principle should the nurse use to guide nursing care for a patient with tuberculosis? A tumor arising from the lung glands Feedback: Adenocarcinoma (a tumor arising from glands) of the lung constitutes 35% to 40% of all bronchogenic carcinomas and is a non-small cell cancer. - ANS-A patient has adenocarcinoma of the lungs. What type of cancer does this patient have? CONTINUES...