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Volledige samenvatting Internationaal Publiekrecht

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Internationaal Publiekrecht

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Universiteit Gent (UGent)

Een volledige samenvatting van het vak Internationaal Publiekrecht. Bevat powerpoint en lesnotities, alsook de cases.

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Uploaded on October 13, 2022
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1 PRAKTISCHE INFORMATIE......................................................................................................................................9
1.1 LESSEN.............................................................................................................................................................9
1.2 LESMATERIAAL................................................................................................................................................9
1.3 DOELSTELLINGEN............................................................................................................................................9
1.4 EXAMEN..........................................................................................................................................................9
1.5 CONTACT.......................................................................................................................................................10
1.6 INDICATIEF OVERZICHT.................................................................................................................................10
2 INLEIDING: INTERNATIONAAL RECHT IN 2021 – QUO VADIS?............................................................................10
2.1 KENMERKEN INTERNATIONAAL RECHT.......................................................................................................10
2.2 ALL LAW IS POLITICS?....................................................................................................................................12
2.3 INTERNATIONALE RECHTSORDE IN CRISIS?..................................................................................................13
3 BRONNEN VAN HET INTERNATIONAAL RECHT....................................................................................................14
3.1 ALGEMEEN....................................................................................................................................................14
3.2 VERDRAGEN..................................................................................................................................................15
3.2.1 VERDRAGEN – ALGEMEEN.....................................................................................................................15
3.2.2 ILLUSTRATIE: KLIMAATAKKOORD PARIJS...............................................................................................15
3.2.3 ILLUSTRATIE 2: IRAANS KERNAKKOORD................................................................................................16
3.3 INTERNATIONAAL GEWOONTERECHT..........................................................................................................17
3.3.1 PRO MEMORIE.......................................................................................................................................17
3.3.2 NORTH SEA CONTINENTAL SHELF..........................................................................................................17
3.4 SOFT LAW & INFORMAL LAW MAKING........................................................................................................19
3.4.1 ALGEMEEN.............................................................................................................................................19
3.4.2 ILLUSTRATIES..........................................................................................................................................19
3.4.3 ILLUSTRATIE: G7/G20.............................................................................................................................19
3.4.4 ILLUSTRATIE: DE URGENDA-ZAAK..........................................................................................................19
4 VERDRAGSRECHT.................................................................................................................................................20
4.1 ALGEMEEN....................................................................................................................................................20
4.1.1 INLEIDING...............................................................................................................................................20
4.1.2 TOTSTANDKOMING EN INWERKINGTREDING.......................................................................................20
4.1.3 TOEPASSING EN INTERPRETATIE...........................................................................................................21
4.1.4 WIJZIGING, BEËINDIGING, NIETIGHEID..................................................................................................21
4.1.5 TERUGTREKKING CONFORM VERDRAG.................................................................................................21
4.1.6 ILLUSTRATIE: WAPENAKKOORDEN........................................................................................................22
4.1.7 ILLUSTRATIE: SOMALIË TEGEN KENYA...................................................................................................22
4.1.8 ILLUSTRATIE: DE WESTELIJKE SAHARA..................................................................................................23
4.1.9 IMPACT LATERE VERDRAGSPRAKTIJK EN LATERE OVEREENKOMSTEN.................................................24

1

, 4.2 CASE STUDY: DE YUKOS-ZAAK......................................................................................................................25
4.2.1 VOORLOPIGE TOEPASSING – ALGEMEEN..............................................................................................25
4.2.2 DE YUKOS-SAGA-FEITEN........................................................................................................................27
4.2.3 HET ENERGY CHARTER TREATY..............................................................................................................27
4.2.4 DE YUKOS-ARBITRAGE...........................................................................................................................28
4.2.5 NATIONALE UITVOERINGSPROCEDURES...............................................................................................28
4.2.6 VERNIETIGINGSPROCEDURE NL.............................................................................................................28
4.3 CASE STUDY: GABCIKOVO-NAGYMAROS-ZAAK............................................................................................31
4.3.1 ACHTERGROND......................................................................................................................................31
4.3.2 UITSPRAAK IGH......................................................................................................................................31
5 INTERACTIE NATIONAAL EN INTERNATIONAAL RECHT.......................................................................................33
5.1 ALGEMEEN....................................................................................................................................................33
5.1.1 ALGEMEEN.............................................................................................................................................33
5.1.2 TWEE THEORIEËN..................................................................................................................................33
5.1.3 MONISME – ILLUSTRATIE.......................................................................................................................34
5.1.4 DUALISME – ILLUSTRATIE......................................................................................................................34
5.2 CASE-STUDY: AVENA EN MEDELLIN..............................................................................................................35
5.2.1 ACHTERGROND......................................................................................................................................35
5.2.2 ONTWIKKELINGEN IN DE VS..................................................................................................................36
5.2.3 MEDELLIN VERSUS TEXAS (SCOTUS)......................................................................................................36
5.2.4 VERVOLG................................................................................................................................................37
5.3 CASE STUDY 2: HET ITALIAANS GRONDWETTELIJK HOF...............................................................................37
5.3.1 VOORGESCHIEDENIS..............................................................................................................................37
5.3.2 UITSPRAAK CORTE CONSTITUZIONALE – NO. 238 (2014).....................................................................38
6 JURISDICTIE..........................................................................................................................................................39
6.1 ALGEMEEN....................................................................................................................................................39
6.1.1 JURISDICTIE – VEELZIJDIG BEGRIP..........................................................................................................39
6.1.2 JURISDICTIE EN SOEVEREINITEIT............................................................................................................39
6.1.3 UITGANGSPUNT INTERNATIONAAL RECHT...........................................................................................39
6.2 UNIVERSELE JURISDICTIE IN STRAFZAKEN....................................................................................................40
6.2.1 ALGEMEEN.............................................................................................................................................40
6.2.2 UNIVERSELE JURISDICTIE.......................................................................................................................41
6.2.3 QUID ICC?...............................................................................................................................................43
6.3 UNIVERSELE CIVIELE JURISDICTIE?................................................................................................................43
6.3.1 ALGEMEEN.............................................................................................................................................43
6.3.2 ALIEN TORT STATUTE.............................................................................................................................44

2

, 6.3.3 UNIVERSELE CIVIELE JURISDICTIE BUITEN VS?......................................................................................46
6.4 ANDERE ILLUSTRATIES VAN EXTRATERRITORIALE JURISDICTIE?..................................................................47
6.4.1 MEDEDINGINGSRECHT..........................................................................................................................48
6.4.2 MILIEURECHT.........................................................................................................................................48
6.4.3 ECONOMISCHE SANCTIES......................................................................................................................49
6.4.4 GEVENSBESCHERMING..........................................................................................................................51
6.5 JURISDICTIE IN INTERNATIONALE MENSENRECHTENVERDRAGEN..............................................................52
6.5.1 JURISDICTIE EN MENSENRECHTEN........................................................................................................52
6.5.2 TOEPASSING EVRM IN INTERNATIONALE MILITAIRE OPERATIES..........................................................52
7 IMMUNITEITEN....................................................................................................................................................55
7.1 ALGEMEEN....................................................................................................................................................55
7.1.1 IMMUNITEITEN – QUID..........................................................................................................................55
7.1.2 STRUCTUUR LES.....................................................................................................................................57
7.2 STAATSIMMUNITEIT.....................................................................................................................................57
7.2.1 ALGEMEEN.............................................................................................................................................57
7.2.2 IMMUNITEIT VAN RECHTSMACHT.........................................................................................................57
7.2.2.1 ILLUSTRATIE  UITSPRAAK HVB GENT 25/02/16..............................................................................59
7.2.3 UITVOERINGSIMMUNITEIT....................................................................................................................59
7.2.3.1 ILLUSTRATIE: NML CAPITAL VERSUS ARGENTINIË..........................................................................60
7.2.3.2 ILLUSTRATIE 2: YUKOS-ZAAK...........................................................................................................61
7.2.4 STAATSIMMUNITEIT EN TOEGANG TOT DE RECHTER...........................................................................61
7.2.5 STAATSIMMUNITEIT EN ERNSTIGE SCHENDINGEN INTERNATIONAAL RECHT......................................62
7.2.6 IMMUNITEIT EN ‘STATE – SPONSORED- TERRORISM’...........................................................................64
7.3 IMMUNITEIT VREEMDE OVERHEIDSFUNCTIONARISSEN..............................................................................66
7.3.1 ALGEMEEN.............................................................................................................................................66
7.3.2 IMMUNITEIT RATIONE PERSONAE.........................................................................................................66
7.3.3 IMMUNITEIT RATIONE MATERIAE.........................................................................................................67
7.3.4 BIJZONDERE ZENDINGEN.......................................................................................................................70
7.3.5 NATIONALE VERTEGENWOORDIGERS BIJ INTERNATIONALE ORGANISATIES.......................................70
7.4 IMMUNITEITEN INTERNATIONALE ORGANISATIES EN HUN PERSONEELSLEDEN........................................70
7.4.1 ALGEMEEN.............................................................................................................................................70
7.4.2 VERENIGDE NATIES................................................................................................................................71
7.4.3 IMMUNITEITEN VISITING FORCES..........................................................................................................72
7.4.4 IMMUNITEITEN INTERNATIONALE ORGANISATIES EN MENSENRECHTEN............................................72
8 INTERNATIONALE AANSPRAKELIJKHEID..............................................................................................................74
8.1 ALGEMEEN...................................................................................................................................................74

3

, 8.2 INTERNATIONAAL ONRECHTMATIG GEDRAG...............................................................................................74
8.2.1 ALGEMEEN.............................................................................................................................................74
8.2.2 OMSTANDIGHEDEN DIE ONRECHTMATIGHEID UITSLUITEN.................................................................75
8.2.3 ILLUSTRATIE: RAIBOW WARRIOR...........................................................................................................76
8.3 TOEREKENBAARHEID....................................................................................................................................76
8.3.1 TOEREKENBAARHEID.............................................................................................................................76
8.3.2 BIJKOMENDE KANTTEKENINGEN...........................................................................................................78
8.3.3 BOSNISCHE GENOCIDEZAAK IGH...........................................................................................................78
8.4 GEVOLGEN STAATSAANSPRAKELIJKHEID......................................................................................................78
8.4.1 BEËINDIGING EN HERSTEL.....................................................................................................................79
8.5 INROEPEN STAATSAANSPRAKELIJKHEID.......................................................................................................80
8.5.1 ALGEMEEN.............................................................................................................................................80
8.5.2 GRENZEN DIPLOMATIEKE BESCHERMING.............................................................................................81
8.5.3 DIPLOMATIEKE BESCHERMING..............................................................................................................82
8.6 TEGENMAATREGELEN...................................................................................................................................83
8.6.1 ALGEMEEN.............................................................................................................................................83
8.6.2 TEGENMAATREGELEN DOOR DERDE STATEN?......................................................................................84
8.7 INTERNATIONALE ORGANISATIES.................................................................................................................84
8.7.1 ALGEMEEN.............................................................................................................................................84
8.7.2 TOEREKENBAARHEID OPTREDEN STAATSORGAAN...............................................................................85
8.7.3 ILLUSTRATIE MOEDERS VAN SREBRENICA.............................................................................................86
8.7.4 TOEREKENING OPTREDEN DUTCHBAT?.................................................................................................86
8.7.5 ONRECHTMATIGHEID TOEREKENBAAR GEDRAG?.................................................................................87
8.7.6 MOEDERS VAN SREBRENICA – GERECHTSHOF......................................................................................87
8.7.7 BELGISCHE CASE M.B.T. RWANDA.........................................................................................................87
9 JUS AD BELLUM....................................................................................................................................................88
9.1 HET GEWELDVERBOD...................................................................................................................................88
9.1.1 ALGEMEEN.............................................................................................................................................88
9.1.2 INTERVENTIE OP UITNODIGING.............................................................................................................88
9.1.3 UITZONDERINGEN GEWELDVERBOD.....................................................................................................89
9.2 MACHTIGING VN-VEILIGHEIDSRAAD............................................................................................................89
9.2.1 ALGEMEEN.............................................................................................................................................89
9.3 RECHT OP ZELFVERDEDIGING.......................................................................................................................90
9.3.1 ALGEMEEN.............................................................................................................................................90
9.3.2 PRE-EMTIEVE/PREVENTIEVE ZELFVERDEDIGING?.................................................................................91
9.3.3 QUID NIET-STATELIJK GROEPEN?..........................................................................................................91

4

, 9.4 ANDERE UITZONDERINGEN?........................................................................................................................92
9.4.1 HUMANITAIRE INTERVENTIE.................................................................................................................92
9.4.2 OVERIGE? (niet gezien)..........................................................................................................................92
10 JUS IN BELLO = RECHT DER GEWAPENDE CONFLICTEN.....................................................................................93
10.1 ALGEMEEN..................................................................................................................................................93
10.1.1 ALGEMEEN...........................................................................................................................................93
10.1.2 HISTORIEK............................................................................................................................................93
10.1.3 VERSCHIL INTERNATIONALE EN NIET-INTERNATIONALE GEWAPENDE CONFLICTEN.........................94
10.1.4 INTERACTIE MET MENSENRECHTEN (niet gezien)...............................................................................95
10.2 TOEPASSINGSGEBIED RGC..........................................................................................................................96
10.2.1 ALGEMEEN...........................................................................................................................................96
10.2.2 IAC/NIAC-BASIS....................................................................................................................................96
10.2.3 IAC/NIAC – BIJZONDERE GEVALLEN.....................................................................................................96
10.3 ‘TARGETING’................................................................................................................................................97
10.3.1 ONDERSCHEID STRIJDER/BURGERS.....................................................................................................97
10.3.2 IDENTIFICATIE MILITAIRE DOELWITTEN..............................................................................................97
10.3.3 TOEPASSING ‘TARGETTING’- REGELS...................................................................................................97
10.4 METHODEN EN MIDDELEN VAN OORLOGVOERING...................................................................................98
10.4.1 MIDDELEN............................................................................................................................................98
10.4.2 METHODEN..........................................................................................................................................98
10.5 BESCHERMDE PERSONEN – ‘RECHT VAN GENEVE’.....................................................................................98
10.5.1 POW’S..................................................................................................................................................98
10.5.2 BURGERS..............................................................................................................................................99
10.6 AFDWINGING JUS IN BELLO (niet gezien).................................................................................................100
10.6.1 AFDWINGING ALS ACHILLESHIEL?.....................................................................................................100
10.7 INTERACTIE RGC EN TERREURBESTRIJDING.............................................................................................100
10.7.1 ALGEMEEN.........................................................................................................................................100
10.7.2 BELGISCH WETGEVING......................................................................................................................100
10.7.3 BELGISCHE RECHTSPRAAK ART. 141BIS?...........................................................................................100
11 INTERNATIONAAL STRAFRECHT.......................................................................................................................102
11.1 INLEIDING..................................................................................................................................................102
11.2 GESCHIEDENIS...........................................................................................................................................102
11.2.1 IMT VAN NEURENBERG.....................................................................................................................102
11.2.2 IMT VOOR HET VERRE OOSTEN (TOKIO)...........................................................................................103
11.2.3 NEURENBERG PRINCIPES (kennen)....................................................................................................103
11.2.4 POST-WERELDOORLOG II...................................................................................................................104

5

, 11.2.5 KOUDE OORLOG................................................................................................................................104
11.2.6 JOEGOSLAVIËTRIBUNAAL...................................................................................................................104
11.2.7 RWANDATRIBUNAAL.........................................................................................................................105
11.2.8 RESIUDAL MECHANISM.....................................................................................................................105
11.2.9 INTERNATIONAAL STRAFHOF............................................................................................................106
11.2.10 VERGELIJKING (goed kennen)..........................................................................................................106
11.3 INTERNATIONALE MISDADEN...................................................................................................................106
11.3.1 ACTUS REUS & MENS REA..................................................................................................................106
11.3.2 GENOCIDE – INLEIDING......................................................................................................................107
11.3.2.1 GENOCIDE – DEFINITIE................................................................................................................107
11.3.2.2 GENOCIDE – ELEMENTEN (kennen)............................................................................................108
11.3.2.3 GENOCIDE – VOORBEELDEN.......................................................................................................108
11.3.3 MISDADEN TEGEN DE MENSHEID – INLEIDING.................................................................................108
11.3.3.1 MISDADEN TEGEN DE MENSHEID – DEFINITIE...........................................................................109
11.3.3.2 MISDADEN TEGEN DE MENSHEID – ELEMENTEN (kennen).......................................................109
11.3.3.3 MISDADEN TEGEN DE MENSHEID – VOORBEELDEN..................................................................109
11.3.4 OORLOGSMISDADEN – INLEIDING.....................................................................................................110
11.3.4.1 OORLOGSMISDADEN – DEFINITIE...............................................................................................110
11.3.4.2 OORLOGSMISDADEN – ELEMENTEN (goed kennen)..................................................................111
11.3.4.3 OORLOGSMISDADEN – VOORBEELDEN......................................................................................111
11.3.5 AGRESSIE – INLEIDING.......................................................................................................................111
11.3.5.1 AGRESSIE – DEFINITIE.................................................................................................................112
11.3.5.2 AGRESSIE – ELEMENTEN (kennen)..............................................................................................112
11.3.5.3 AGRESSIE – VOORBEELDEN.........................................................................................................112
11.3.6 VOORBEELD.......................................................................................................................................112
11.4 RECHTSMACHT..........................................................................................................................................113
11.4.1 VOORAFGAANDE VOORWAARDEN...................................................................................................113
11.4.2 RATIONE TEMPORIS (kennen)...........................................................................................................115
11.4.3 RATIONE PERSONAE (kennen)...........................................................................................................115
11.4.4 UITOEFENING – ‘TRIGGER MECHANISMS’ (kennen).........................................................................116
11.4.5 VOORBEELD (lezen)............................................................................................................................116
11.5 ONTVANKELIJKHEID..................................................................................................................................117
11.5.1 COMPLEMENTARITEITSBEGINSEL (kennen)......................................................................................117
11.5.2 NE BIS IN IDEM (kennen)...................................................................................................................118
11.5.3 ERNST (kennen)..................................................................................................................................118
11.5.4 GOEDE RECHTSBEDELING – VOORBEELD..........................................................................................118

6

, 11.6 AANSPRAKELIJKHEIDSVORMEN................................................................................................................119
11.6.1 MISDAAD PLEGEN – PERPETRATION (kennen)..................................................................................119
11.6.2 OPDRACHT GEVEN – ORDERING (kennen)........................................................................................120
11.6.3 HULP OF BIJSTAND BIEDEN – AIDING AND ABETTING (kennen).......................................................120
11.6.4 COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY..............................................................................................................121
11.6.5 SUPERIOR RESPONSIBILITY................................................................................................................121
11.6.6 COMMAND/SUPERIOR RESPONSIBILITY (kennen)............................................................................121
11.7 STRAFUITSLUITINGSGRONDEN.................................................................................................................122
12 INTERNATIONAAL ECONOMISCH RECHT.........................................................................................................122
12.1 ALGEMEEN................................................................................................................................................122
12.1.1 WHAT’S IN A NAME?..........................................................................................................................123
12.1.2 INSTITUTIONEEL KADER.....................................................................................................................123
12.1.3 BRONNEN...........................................................................................................................................123
12.2 INTERNATIONAAL INVESTERINGSRECHT – EVOLUTIE EN BRONNEN.......................................................124
12.2.1 ALGEMEEN.........................................................................................................................................124
12.2.2 BESCHERMING IN GEWOONTERECHT...............................................................................................124
12.2.3 BILATERALE VERDRAGEN...................................................................................................................125
12.2.4 MULTILATERALE INITIATIEVEN..........................................................................................................125
12.3 INTERNATIONAAL INVESTERINGSRECHT: INHOUDELIJKE BESCHERMING & ISDS....................................126
12.3.1 ALGEMEEN.........................................................................................................................................126
12.3.2 TOEPASSINGSGEBIED VERDRAGEN...................................................................................................127
1.1.1 INHOUDELIJKE BESCHERMING.............................................................................................................127
12.3.3 PROCEDUREEL....................................................................................................................................131
12.3.4 QUO VADIS?.......................................................................................................................................131
12.4 POST SCRIPTUM: DE ‘SECURITY EXCEPTION’............................................................................................132
12.4.1 ALGEMEEN.........................................................................................................................................132
12.4.2 RECHTERLIJKE TOETSING?.................................................................................................................132
13 INLEIDING TOT HET RECHT VAN DE WERELDHANDELSORGANISATIE (WTO).................................................133
13.1 WAAROM (REGELS) INTERNATIONALE HANDEL?.....................................................................................133
13.2 WAT ZIJN DE REGELS?...............................................................................................................................133
13.2.1 INSTITUTIONEEL.................................................................................................................................133
13.2.2 MATERIEEL.........................................................................................................................................135
13.3 CONCLUSIE: ZIJN REGELS ZINVOL?...........................................................................................................137
14 INTERNATIONAAL ZEERECHT...........................................................................................................................138
14.1 INLEIDING..................................................................................................................................................138
14.1.1 HISTORISCHE CONTEXT......................................................................................................................138

7

, 14.1.2 UNCLOS (in codex: casusvraag).........................................................................................................138
14.1.3 ANDERE INSTRUMENTEN...................................................................................................................139
14.2 DE TERRITORIALE ZEE EN DE AANSLUITENDE ZONE.................................................................................139
14.2.1 TERRITORIALE ZEE EN INTERNE WATEREN........................................................................................139
14.2.2 JURISDCTIE KUSTSTAAT.....................................................................................................................139
14.2.3 AANSLUITENDE ZONE (ART. 33).........................................................................................................140
14.3 HET CONTINENTAAL PLAT EN DE EXCLUSIEF ECONOMISCHE ZONE........................................................141
14.3.1 CONTINENTAAL PLAT.........................................................................................................................141
14.3.2 EEZ......................................................................................................................................................141
14.3.3 ROL EILANDEN...................................................................................................................................143
14.4 DE VOLLE ZEE............................................................................................................................................143
14.4.1 VRIJHEDEN VAN DE VOLLE ZEE..........................................................................................................143
14.4.2 EXCLUSIEVE JURISDICTIE VLAGGENSTAAT.........................................................................................143
14.4.3 PORT STATE JURISDICTION & PORT STATE CONTROL.......................................................................144
14.4.4 UITZONDERINGEN EXCLUSIEVE JURISDICTIE VLAGGENSTAAT..........................................................144
14.5 DE DIEPZEEBODEM...................................................................................................................................146
14.5.1 DE DIEPZEEBODEM/HET ‘GEBIED’.....................................................................................................146
14.6 MARITIEME AFBAKENING.........................................................................................................................147
14.6.1 ALGEMEEN.........................................................................................................................................147
14.6.2 ILLUSTRATIE: DE ZUID-CHINESE ZEE..................................................................................................147
14.7 GESCHILLENBESLECHTING........................................................................................................................147
14.7.1 ALGEMEEN.........................................................................................................................................147
14.8 ILLUSTRATIE: ARCTC SUNRISE...................................................................................................................148
14.8.1 FEITEN................................................................................................................................................148
14.8.2 PROCEDURE.......................................................................................................................................149
14.8.3 VEILIGHEIDSZONE ROND BOORPLATFORM.......................................................................................150
14.8.4 MAATREGELEN TEGEN ARCTIC SUNRISE & BEMANNING..................................................................150
14.9 VISSERIJ.....................................................................................................................................................150
14.9.1 UNCLOS..............................................................................................................................................150
14.9.2 ANDERE INSTRUMENTEN/ INITIATIEVEN..........................................................................................151
15 DIPLOMATIEK EN CONSULAIR RECHT..............................................................................................................151
15.1 ALGEMEEN................................................................................................................................................151
15.2 DIPLOMATEN............................................................................................................................................151
15.2.1 ALGEMEEN.........................................................................................................................................151
15.2.2 IMMUNITEIT EN ONSCHENDBAARHEID.............................................................................................152
15.2.3 OPTIES BIJ MISBRUIK? ILLUSTRATIES.................................................................................................154

8

, 15.3 CONSULS...................................................................................................................................................156
15.3.1 ALGEMEEN.........................................................................................................................................156
15.3.2 IMMUNITEIT EN ONSCHENDBAARHEID.............................................................................................157

INTERNATIONAAL PUBLIEKRECHT

1 PRAKTISCHE INFORMATIE

1.1 LESSEN
- Afspraak op
o Di. 13u.-15u.45 (Aud. C)
o Woe. 13u.-14u.15 (Aud. B)
- On campus/online?
o Aud. C (di.), Aud. B (woe.)
o Corona-maatregelen! Mondmasker?
o Video-opnames Opencast  Ufora
- Gastcolleges et al.: seminarie ecocide (17/11); Dr. Coppens (WTO - tbc); Dr. Ferro (ICL);
filmsessie? (tbc)
- Geen les op di. 2/11
- Bespreking modelcasus woe. in december
- Inhaalweek?

1.2 LESMATERIAAL
- Codex Internationaal en Europees Recht – Delen 1 en 2  beschikbaar via VRG
- Reader (via VRG)
- Aanvullen o.b.v. slides & lesnota’s
- (Syllabus Ba. 1 als basis)
- J. Wouters, C. Ryngaert, T. Ruys & G. De Baere, International Law: a European
Perspective (via VRG), 1136p.
- Aanbevolen actualiteit te volgen.

1.3 DOELSTELLINGEN
- Basiskennis werking en rol van internationaal recht verder uitdiepen.
- Omgaan met bronnen van internationaal recht (verdragen + precedenten) en toepassen
op (complexere) casussen…
- Basiskennis van diverse deelgebieden van het internationaal publiekrecht – capita
selecta.
- Klemtoon op illustraties/cases – zie Reader!
- In de marge
o Video-fragmenten?
o Bijkomende illustraties?

1.4 EXAMEN
- Schriftelijk.
- Gebruik codex (1 & 2) toegelaten: noodzakelijk.
- Gebruik reader toegelaten: relevante stukken uit arresten op voorhand identificeren:
reader aanpassen staat op ufora.

9

, - 4 vragen: 2-3 casussen + 1-2 open vragen (essay / bespreking case)  kritische kijk
geven over precedenten die we hebben behandeld + over actuele situaties.

1.5 CONTACT
- Tom Ruys: Tom.Ruys@ugent.be (Braunschool, lokaal 100.039 - voor of na de les, of op
afspraak)
- Sebastiaan Van Severen (assistent): Sebastiaan.VanSeveren@ugent.Be (op afspraak)

1.6 INDICATIEF OVERZICHT
- Inleiding
- Bronnen
- Verdragsrecht
- Interactie int’l & nationaal recht
- Jurisdictie
- Immuniteiten
- Diplomatiek & consulair recht
- Internationale aansprakelijkheid
- Recht inzake het gebruik van geweld
- Recht der gewapende conflicten
- Internationaal strafrecht
- Internationaal handelsrecht (WTO)
- Internationaal investeringsrecht
- Internationaal zeerecht
- Internationaal milieurecht
- Lucht- en ruimterecht?

2 INLEIDING: INTERNATIONAAL RECHT IN 2021 – QUO VADIS?

2.1 KENMERKEN INTERNATIONAAL RECHT
- Definitie – inhoudelijk:
o Betrekkingen tussen staten? Ook andere entiteiten, zoals internationale organisaties.
o Internationale betrekkingen? Ook internationaal privaatrecht = in essentie regels van
nationaal recht die gaan over civiele nationale kwesties waarbij er een
grensoverschrijdend element is. Grens tussen internationaal privaatrecht en
internationaal publiekrecht is wat waziger.
- Oorsprong moderne internationaal recht?
o Term < J. Bentham – 1789
o Overgang natuurrecht (= bepaalde vooraf bestaande regels, die we niet zelf maken,
maar die worden opgelegd door hierboven. Later werd het gezien als universele
regels, los van God.) naar positief recht
 Natuurrecht: bron buiten wil soevereine staat.
o Positivisten: belangen en wil staat.
 Onderscheid lex lata (= het recht zoals het is, bij een bepaalde momentopname)
>< lex ferenda (= het recht zoals het zou moeten zijn op grond van bepaalde
morele keuzes, veel subjectiever.)
 Focus op formele bronnen.

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