PHIL 235 Biomedical Ethics exam with complete solution | 100% correct answers

QUIZ 1 Question 1: (1 Point) According to John Stuart Mill: a. happiness is like a fragile bird: at best fleeting, at worst illusory. b. the pursuit of happiness can often lead us away from ethical actions because sometimes we forget there is more to life than just happiness. c. happiness is not a good measure of ethics because people can be happy for the wrong reasons, such as when certain people get joy from torturing an animal. d. happiness can be defined quite simply: whenever we have pleasure and have an absence of pain. Question 2: (1 Point) In Biomedical Ethics, the “principle of justice” is meant to show: a. none of the other answers here, since we have learned that ethics and the law are not co-extensive. b. that all persons should be treated equally unless there is a genuine justification for treating some people differently. c. that unfortunately there is not always justice in medicine, since most of the time we do nothing to deserve our illness. It is often just bad luck. d. that at the end of the day, what matters is that medical professionals not perform any illegal acts. Question 3: (1 Point) The branch of ethics that deals with the meaning of ethical words is: a. language ethics b. normative ethics c. meta-ethics d. ethical cognitivism Question 4: (1 Point) For the purposes of this course, we understand the relationship between “ethics” and “morality” to be the following: a. Morality is the study of ethics. b. Ethics is the study of morality. c. No relationship, since ethics is about your subjective feelings and morality is about your culture’s beliefs. d. Ethics is one of the three branches of morality. Question 5: (1 Point) Which of the Health-Care Professional – Patient relationship models discussed in this course is reflected in the following passage: “Whenever I go to my doctor, I expect that they will give me all of the information and leave the decision up to me. After all, it is my body and my health at stake.” a. The friendship model. b. The agency model. c. The paternalistic model. d. The contractual model. e. The fiduciary model. Question 6: (1 Point) According to Kant, an ‘imperfect’ duty is: a. a duty that we only have because humans are not perfect. b. a duty that we have to follow at least some of the time. c. a duty that we have but that we wish we didn’t have. d. a duty that we have to follow in all cases. Question 7: (1 Point) Which of the Health-Care Professional – Patient relationship models discussed in this course is reflected in the following passage: “Although ultimately the decision is the patient’s, as a physician I feel a real connection with my patients and often try to convince them of what is best for them, even if they don’t see it that way at first.” a. The agency model. b. The paternalistic model. c. The contractual model. d. The friendship model. e. The fiduciary model. Question 8: (1 Points) “The standard that a surrogate decision-maker should use when deciding on the best course of action for a non-competent patient is ‘what the surrogate decision-maker would want if they were in the patient’s predicament.’ That is, after all, the only way to make it feel ‘real’ for the surrogate decision-maker and to really make the right choice.”  True  False Question 9: (1 Points) “Since there are some debates that will never end (such as the abortion debate), we can be sure that ethical relativism is the correct meta-ethical theory”  True  False Question 10: (1 Point) Which of the Health-Care Professional – Patient relationship models discussed in this course is reflected in the following passage: “Although there were actually several options available to my patient, I decided right away that the best one would be procedure X. I didn’t want to confuse them or worry them about all kinds of details, so I just explained how X was the only option and that we should go ahead with that.” a. The agency model. b. The paternalistic model. c. The friendship model. d. The contractual model. e. The fiduciary model.