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samenvatting slides biotechnology
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summary of the slides of the first-year master course in biotechnology
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Samenvatting BiotechnologyChapter 1 (minder belangrijk)
The Biotechnology Century and Its Workforce
1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You?
Examples of Biotechnology are in Your Home--> bread
• Broad definition of Biotechnology:
Using living organisms, or the products of living organisms, for human benefit (or to
benefit human surroundings) to make a product or solve a problem (or by providing a
relieve to).
• Forecasting the future:
2020: Biotech companies generate global revenues of $163 billion.
= 20% of the revenues generated by the pharmaceutical market
Current annual growth rate of biotech companies is > 8% (conventional pharma companies
round 4%)
Historical Examples:
• Fermentation
• Selective breeding
• Use of antibiotics
Selective Breeding Is an Old Example of Biotechnology That Is Still Common Today
• Modern Examples:
• Use of antibiotics:
• Batch (large-scale) processes
• Gene cloning
, • Genetic engineering
• Recombinant DNA technology
Recombinant DNA technology started modern biotech as an industry
• Examples of applications:
• Development of disease-resistant plants
• Food crops that produce greater yields
• “Golden rice” engineered to be more nutritious
• Genetically engineered bacteria that can degrade environmental pollutants
• Use genetically modified cultured cells to make protein of interest
Products of Modern Biotechnology:
• Example of proteins created by gene cloning called recombinant
proteins
• Most drugs are developed to combat diseases affecting humans
Investigational Biotechnology Drugs by Disease Category
, • ‘Human Genome Project’:
• Genomics (the study of genomes)
• Artificial or synthetic genomes
• Genome editing: CRISPR-Cas
Gene Maps of Chromosomes 13 and 21 resulting from the Human Genome Project
• Gene Therapy Approaches:
• Attempts to treat and cure human disease conditions:
• Delivering genes to treat or cure a genetic disorder:
• Grow organs for transplantation
• New biotechnology products from marine organisms are being
used to treat cancers, strokes, and arthritis
• Ethics and Biotechnology
Biotechnology is a controversial science that presents many ethical dilemmas
, Biotechnology:
A Science of Many Disciplines
1.2 Types of Biotechnology
• Microbial Biotechnology—manipulation of microorganisms such as yeast and
bacteria:
• Fermentation
• Generation of better enzymes
• More efficient decontamination processes for industrial waste product
removal
• Used to clone and produce large amounts of important proteins used in
human medicine
• Antibiotics
• Creation of synthetic genomes:
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