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Summary Antibiotics: Cell Wall Inhibitors
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This is a summary of the bacterial cell wall inhibitor class of drugs used as antimicrobial agents
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Antibiotics: Cell Wall InhibitorsCell wall inhibitors: blocks cell wall elongation and division, making wall less rigid
Peptidoglycan is made up of polymer chains cross linked together by
pentapeptide bridges
lactam antibiotics inhibit peptidoglycan cross-linking and render the cell
wall weak
lactams - ‘penicillins’, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams
1) Penicillins- (benzylpenicillin, flucloxacillin, amoxicillin, azlocicillin, piperacillin)
All act by inhibiting transpeptidase (penicillin binding protein or PBP)
Prevents cross-linking of peptidoglycan
lactamase resistance:
Hydrolyse the lactam ring therefore reducing activity
Enzyme is secreted by gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus)
Lactam antibiotics can induce lactamase enzyme expression
Clavulanic acid (CA) can be added to lactamase sensitive antibiotics
(e.g. with amoxicillin – co-amoxiclav) and inhibit lactamase enzymes
Hypersensitivity to penicillin occurs in 1-10% of exposed individuals
(0.05% anaphylaxis)
Are orally available drugs
Have a wide range of bioactivity
Minimal adverse effects
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