Summary Guyton and Hall Chapter 11 Notes - Fundamentals of Electrocardiography
112 views 0 purchase
Course
Physiology (PHYSIOLOGY)
Institution
Cebu Doctor\'s University
Book
Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology
This is a condensed summary of the Chapter 11 - Fundamentals of Electrocardiography from Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology. It contains pictures from the book as well. Use these notes to study for your upcoming exam or quiz.
Test Bank For Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology (Guyton Physiology) 14th Edition by John E. Hall , Michael E. Hall
Common test bank questions and answers (85) from Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology / 14th edition
Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology 14th Edition Test Bank by John E. Hall, Michael E. Hall
All for this textbook (133)
Written for
Cebu Doctor's University
Physiology (PHYSIOLOGY)
All documents for this subject (6)
Seller
Follow
cpaxmed
Content preview
CHAPTER 11 No potential is recorded in the ECG when the ventricular muscle
is either completely polarized or depolarized which means that
FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY there is current flow only during partial polarization until partial
depolarization.
When a cardiac impulse passes through the heart, electrical
current also spreads from the heart into the adjacent tissues ATRIAL AND VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION AND TH
surrounding the heart, and a small portion of the current spreads WAVES OF THE ECG
all the way to the surface of the body
Depolarization first before contraction of the muscle.
WAVEFORMS OF THE NORMAL ELECTROCARGIOGRAM
P wave occurs at the beginning of contraction of the atria, QRS
The normal ECG is composed of a P wave, a QRS complex complex occurs at the beginning of ventricular contraction.
(often 3 separate waves), and a T wave. Ventricles remain contracted after occurrence of repolarization
which is until after the end of the T wave.
Depolarization (where the current becomes more positive:
P wave – atrial depolarization before atrial contraction
Q wave – ventricular depolarization before contraction
Repolarization:
T wave – ventricular repolarization aka repolarization
wave
CARDIAC DEPOLARIZATION VS REPOLARIZATION WAVES
During depolarization, the normal negative potential inside the
fiber reverses and becomes slightly positive inside and negative
outside.
Atria will repolarize 0.15-0.20 s after termination of the P wave,
A – first half of the fiber has already depolarized; the left approx. at the time of QRS wave. This means that the atrial T
electrode on the outside of the fiber is in an area of negativity, wave is usually obscured by the much larger QRS complex and
and the right electrode is in an area of positivity; meter will the atrial T wave is seldom observed on the ECG.
record positive;
Ventricular repolarization is the T wave of the normal ECG. This
when depolarization
is because the process of ventricular repolarization extends over
has reached the
a long period, which is why the T wave in a normal ECG is a
halfway mark, the
prolonged wave, with a considerably less voltage.
recording on the
right has risen to a ECG CALIBRATION AND DISPLAY
maximum positive
value. All recordings of ECGs are made with appropriate calibration
lines on the display grid.
B – depolarization
has extended over The horizontal calibration lines are arranged so that 10 of the
the entire muscle fiber; recording has returned to 0 baseline; the small line divisions upward (+) or downward (-) in the standard
completed wave is a depolarization wave because it results from ECG represent 1 millivolt.
the spread of depolarization along the muscle fiber membrane.
The vertical lines are time calibration lines. A typical ECG is run
C – halfway repolarization of the same muscle fiber, with at a speed of 25 millimeters per second. Each 5mm segment,
positivity returning to the outside of the fiber. At this point, the indicated by the dark vertical lines, represent 0.2 second, which
left electrode is in an area of negativity. This polarity is opposite are further broken into 5 smaller intervals each of which
to the polarity in A. represent 0.04 second.
The recording
becomes negative. The recorded voltages of the waves in the normal ECG depend
on the manner in which the electrodes are applied to the surface
D – the muscle of the body, and how close the electrodes are to the heart.
fiber has
completely P-Q interval – aka P-R interval; the time between the beginning
repolarized, both of excitation of the atria and the beginning of excitation of the
electrodes are now in areas of positivity so that no potential ventricles. Normal is at 0.16s. Time interval is directly
difference is recorded between them. In the recording, the proportional with the heart rate.
potential returns to 0. This completed wave is a repolarization Q-T interval – contraction of the ventricle. Normal is at 0.35s.
wave because it results from the spread of repolarization along
the muscle fiber membrane. The heart rate can easily be determined from an ECG because
the heart rate is the reciprocal of the time between 2 heartbeats.
MONOPHASIC ACTION POTENTIAL OF THE VENTRICULAR R-R interval. Normal is at 0.83s or 60/0.83x/min or 72bpm.
MUSCLE AND THE QRS AND T WAVES IN THE ECG
The depolarization stage
(beginning of) in the
monophasic action potential
represents is simultaneous
with the QRS waves.
The T wave appears at the
end.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller cpaxmed. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $6.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
