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Summary Chemistry Basics for a good grade at GCSE
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Chemistry GCSE Basic knowledge needed to get a good grade. Summary of Atomic theory, ions, equations and general knowledge needed
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Atoms, Elements, Molecules, Compounds & MixturesAtom - The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element
- Atoms cannot be broken down into simpler particles by chemical means
- E.g. He, Ne, O, N, Cl, Li (atom)
Element - Made up of atoms with the same atomic number (same number of protons)
- E.g. O2, Li, Cl2, Al, Ar, N2
Molecule - A substance made from more than 1 atom chemically combined
- Can be an element or compound
- E.g. N2, O2, Cl2, N2, CaCl2, NaCl, H2O, CO2
Compound - Two or more atoms of different elements chemically combined
- E.g. CaCl2, NaCl, H2O, CO2
Mixture - Two or more substances NOT chemically combined
- E.g. alloys: brass, bronze, pewter, stainless steel, carbon steel
- mixtures can be separated by physical means
An atom and An element and a A molecule and a A molecule and a A mixture of
A mixture of compounds
an element molecule compound compound atoms
Mixtures Compounds
2 substances physically mixed 2 or more atoms of different elements chemically combined
variable composition definite fixed composition
(2+ substances can be mixed in any ratio) (compounds have definitive and exact formula: E.g. CuCl2)
Heterogeneous (can be in different phases/states) Homogeneous (in the same phase/state)
components retain their own properties properties of compound are different to their components
can be separated by physical means Hard to separate elements; can only be done via chemical reaction
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