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Complete Sumarry Celbiologie & Immunologie - deeltentamen 1

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  • October 21, 2022
  • 95
  • 2020/2021
  • Class notes
  • Mathijs bergman
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CELBIOLOGIE &
IMMUNOLOGIE




Claire Snel
Gezondheid en leven jaar 2

,Inhoudsopgave
HC 1 Cell Cycle controle .................................................................................................................................... 2

HC 2 Signaaltransductie .................................................................................................................................. 10
G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ................................................................................................................. 12
Enzyme-linked receptoren (RTK’s Tyrosine Kinase Receptor) ......................................................................... 17

HC 3 College IMM 1 – introduction in immunology and innate immunity ...................................................... 21
Part 1 Lines of defence ..................................................................................................................................... 21
Part 2 ................................................................................................................................................................ 25
Part 2.1 Lymphoid tissues ........................................................................................................................... 25
Part 2.2 The complement system ............................................................................................................... 27
Part 3 Innate immunity .................................................................................................................................... 31
Part 3.1 Cells................................................................................................................................................ 31
Part 3.2 Receptors ....................................................................................................................................... 36

HC 4 College IMM 2 – Adaptive immunity: T lymphocyte development ......................................................... 40
Part 1 Pathogen recognition and adaptive immunity .................................................................................... 42
Part 2 The T-cell receptor ................................................................................................................................ 45
Part 3 Positive and negative selection ............................................................................................................ 51

HC 5 College IMM 3 – Dendritic cells and T cell-mediated immunity .............................................................. 58
Part 1 Antigen processing and presentation .................................................................................................. 59
Part 2 Naïve T cell activation ........................................................................................................................... 65
Part 3 Effector T cells ....................................................................................................................................... 72




1

,HC 1 Cell Cycle controle
>> om cellen te gebruiken, gebruiken we het model darmkanker

Wat wordt verstaan onder groei?




Hypertrofie
➢ Toegenomen grootte van een hoeveelheid weefsel of orgaan, zonder dat het aantal
cellen is toegenomen → toename van cel volume

Hyperplasie
➢ Groei door celdeling: toename van aantal cellen → celgrootte blijft gelijk

Fysiologisch:
>> wondheling, kapotte cellen vervangen door nieuwe cellen, gebeurt door celdeling

Pathologisch:
>> poliepen, woekering van cellen (vaak is dit het voorstadium van kanker)

Uit stamcellen ontstaan verschillende cellen die samen een weefsel vormen
Aantal cellen in weefsel/orgaan wordt bepaald door:
- Celdeling
- Celdood
- Cel differentiatie tot benodigde celtype

Celdeling → Celcyclus
>> Celdeling ofwel vermeerdering gebeurt door doorlopen van
de celcylus

>> De celcyclus bestaat uit verschillende stadia die
gecontroleerd worden doorlopen




2

, De eukaryote celcylus heeft 4 fases
1. G1 fase
2. S-fase (synthese/ DNA replicatie)
3. G2 fase
4. M-fase (mitose)

1,2,3 = interfase

De celcyclus heeft verschillende checkpoints
➢ Checkpoints: controle om te kijken of de
omstandigheden binnen en buiten de cel
goed genoeg zijn om de volgende fase van
de celcyclus in te gaan

De celcyclus heeft verschillende checkpoints

Overgang G1 – S:
- Is de omgeving goed genoeg
binnen en buiten de cel, genoeg
groei?

Overgang G2 – M:
- Is al het DNA gerepliceerd?
- Is er nog DNA-schade? Is de
schade hersteld?

Eind M-fase:
- Zitten alle chromosomen aan de
mitotische spindels?

Celcyclus controle
- Wat bepaalt de overgang van ene stadia naar de volgende?
o Besluitvorming op verschillende controle momenten (checkpoints)
>> is afhankelijk van activiteit van Cdk’s (cyclin dependent protein kinase)

o Cdk’s zijn eiwitten – deze eiwitten fungeren als kinases: fosforyleren van
andere eiwitten waardoor deze actief/ inactief worden
o Kinases zelf zijn afhankelijk van cyclines

Regulatie van M-CDK activiteit
>> activiteit M-Cdk complex conc. fluctueert
>> tijdens mitose hoger M-Cdk concentratie

>> concentratie Cdk blijft gelijk




3

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