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Alteracion de refraccion, miopia
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Alteracion de refraccion en los ojos, tema de oftalmologia que abarca miopia, astigmatismo entre otros.
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EST: MURPHY_MDALTERACIONES DE LA REFRACCION
1. SISTEMA OPTICO DEL OJO
* COMPARADO CON UNA CÁMARA FOTOGRÁFICA
* ELEMENTOS REFRACTIVOS.
* ENFOCARSE EN LA RETINA.
2. DIOPTRIA
a. UNIDAD QUE EXPRESA CON VALORES POSITIVOS O NEGATIVOS EL PODER DE REFRACCIÓN DE
UNA LENTE
b. EQUIVALE AL VALOR RECIPROCO O INVERSO DE SU LONGITUD FOCAL EXPRESADA EN
METROS.
c. EL SIGNO + CORRESPONDE A LOS LENTES CONVERGENTES,
d. SIGNO NEGATIVO (-) A LOS DIVERGENTES.
* CARA ANTERIOR DE LA CORNEA.
* CRISTALINO.
* PODER REFRACTIVO: TOTAL DE 59 DIOPTRÍAS
— CÓRNEA: 43 DIOPTRÍAS
— CRISTALINO: 20 DIOPTRÍAS
* DIÁMETRO AXIL: 24 MM (+- 2)
3. AMETROPIAS
“DESEQUILIBRIO ENTRE EL PODER DE REFRACCIÓN DE CÓRNEA Y CRISTALINO Y EL DIÁMETRO AXIL DEL
GLOBO OCULAR.”
a. MIOPÍA.
b. HIPERMETROPÍA.
c. ASTIGMATISMO.
i. -SIMPLE.
ii. -COMPUESTO.
iii. -MIXTO.
d. PRESBICIA. ---------- NO ES UNA ALTERACION EN LA REFRACCION OJO, ES UN PROBLEMA
DEGENERATIVO
4. MIOPÍA
* OJO ALARGADO CUYO PODER DE REFRACCIÓN ENFOCA LA IMAGEN DELANTE DE LA RETINA (OJO GRANDE)
1. AUMENTO DEL DIÁMETRO ANTEROPOSTERIOR.
a. Más frecuente
2. AUMENTO DE LA CURVATURA CORNEAL O DE CRISTALINO
a. O del cristalino
3. AUMENTO DEL ÍNDICE DE REFRACCIÓN DEL CRISTALINO
a. Catarata nuclear incipiente
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