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Cornea en oftalmologia

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Resumen sobre cornea de lo anatomico a lo patologico.

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  • October 22, 2022
  • 4
  • 2020/2021
  • Class notes
  • Dr zegarra
  • All classes
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CORNEA
ANATOMIA
• Embriología.-Termina su formación estructural hasta el 5º mes de gestación
• Dimensiones:
• Diámetro.- 10 mm
• Plano horizontal.- 11.7mm
• Plano vertical.- 10.6 mm
• Grosor central.- 0.52 mm
• Grosor periférico.- 0.67 mm
• La cornea y el humor acuoso forman un lente + de 43 D
• Inervación.- derivan de la rama oftálmica del V par craneal
• Llegan a través del epitelo y carecen de mielina
• Irrigación.- la córnea no es vascularizada
• sin embargo se nutre de los vasos conjuntivales, epiesclerales y esclerales, en la periferie, y del aire
como del humor acuoso




HISTOLOGÍA
• La córnea está constituida por cinco capas que de fuera adentro son:
1. Epitelio.
2. Membrana de Bowman.
3. Estroma.
4. Membrana de Descemet.  esqueleto de la córnea (capa mas dura)
5. Endotelio.

• EPITELIO.- deriva del ectodermo, compuesto de epitelio escamoso
estratificado no queratinizado
• MEMBRANA DE BOWMAN.- constituida de fibrillas de colágena y mide de
8-14 um de grosor
• Su lesión da lugar a cicatriz – leucoma
• ESTROMA.- compuesto de colágena, queratocitos y sustancia propia
• forma el 90% o 500 um del grosor de la córnea en los humanos
• MEMBRANA DE DESCEMET.- membrana formada de colageno, capa mas
resistente representa la membrana basal del endotelio
• Cuando se lesiona da lugar a una perforación inminente
• ENDOTELIO.- Constituido por una capa de células hexagonales, no
experimenta Mitosis, encargada de la deturgencia (bomba bicarbonato) =
deshidratación
• 4.000 cel xmm2  1.000 cel <mm2 (2000  900)
• No son reemplazadas
• Sufren pleomorfismo? – estiramiento
• Queratopatia bulosa
• Descompensación de la cornea por falla del endotelio

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