oorzaken:
* calcificatie * endocarditis: profylactisch antibiotica bij
* endocarditis ingreep risico bacteriëmie bij patiënten
* acuut gewrichtsreuma die al kleplijden hebben
* chordaruptuur
* ventrikeldilatatie
Klepinsufficiëntie * deel uitgepompte bloed terug in tegengestelde richting
* aorta insufficiëntie: volume overbelasting hart
2
, * mitralisinsufficiëntie: volume overbelasting L ventrikel +
overdruk in L atrium hogere drukken in L ventrikel tijdens
systolische contractie
Klepstenose * hart pompt tegen verhoogde weerstand
* aortaklepstenose: hypertrofie L ventrikel
* mitralisklepstenose: overdruk in L atrium + longoedeem kan
Sinustachycardie * sinusknoop ritme sneller dan normaal, maar regelmatig
* hartkloppingen: fysiologisch bv. inspanning, stress / niet:
- hypoxie, anemie: ter compensatie minder O 2 aanbod
- hyperthyreose
- koorts
Sick sinus syndroom * verstoorde temporegulerende functie sinusknoop * pacemaker overwegen al dan niet na ablatie
* soms te traag, soms te snel: onaangepast bestaande elektrische paden in hart
* variabel hartkloppingen & flauwvallen
4-5 = cirkeltachycardiëen
AVRT: extra prikkelverbinding buiten AV-knoop
AV(N)RT: stoppen door vagale manoevres
3-4-5 = meestal jongvolwassenen: plotse versnelling ritme:
hartkloppingen, kloppen aders hals, duizelig, zweten
< gedaalde output + slechtere preload
meestal vanzelf weg
VKF = voorkamerfibrillatie * meest frequent: 5-10% prevalentie bij ouderen * medicamenteus bv. amiodarone
* vaak < toenemende P in L atrium, teken onderliggende * elektroshock
pathologie * rhythm control = cardioverteren: ritme weer
sinusaal als mislukt: rate control: ritme
4
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