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Clin Med, Disorders of the Nose with complete solution graded A+ $9.99   Add to cart

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Clin Med, Disorders of the Nose with complete solution graded A+

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Questions for the exam come from the objectives for professor washington Allergic Rhinitis Definition inflammation of mucous membranes of the nose, eyes, eustachian tubes, middle ear, sinuses and pharynx inflammation triggered by immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated response to an external s...

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  • October 23, 2022
  • 9
  • 2022/2023
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Clin Med, Disorders of the Nose
Questions for the exam come from the - objectives for professor Washington

Allergic Rhinitis Definition - inflammation of mucous membranes of the nose, eyes,
eustachian tubes, middle ear, sinuses and pharynx

inflammation triggered by immunoglobulin E (Ige)-mediated response to an external
stimulus/Allergan

Allergic rhinitis - Most common nasal problem

most common chronic disease in children

Usually, seasonal

Allergic rhinitis Epidemiology - childhood and adolescence.

rare <2 yrs. or over 65

Allergic rhinitis risk factors - Atopic patients (atopic triad)

Allergic rhinitis associated conditions - asthma, eczema
Otitis media
eustachian tube dysfunction
nasal poylps
sinusitus
obstructive sleep Apnea

Allergic rhinitis complications - Otitis media
ETD
sinusitis (acute and chronic)
impairment in quality of life

Allergic rhinitis pathophysiology - Sensitization: initial allergen exposure triggers IgE to
coat mast cells in nasal mucosa

Early response (minutes): with reexposure, specific protein binds to IgE on mast cells to
make immediate and delayed release of inflammatory mediators (histamines,
prostaglandins, leukotrienes)

Late Response (Hours/days): second release of inflammatory mediators (neutrophils,
eosinophils, lymphocytes, macrophages) continues inflammation and symptoms.

Allergic rhinitis common causes - Pollens

, outdoor molds
dust mites
Pets
occupational exposures
air pollution

Allergic rhinitis presenting symptoms - Rhinorrhea
sneezing
itching (eyes, nose,ears)
post nasal drip/sore throat
nasal congestion/obstruction
increased lacrimation/red eyes
eye swelling
fatigue/drowsiness

Allergic rhinitis HPI - -Nature, duration and time course of symptoms
-environmental/occupational exposures
-mold/water damage in home
-identifying triggers/exposures
-response to past meds
-FH of atopic disorders

Allergic rhinitis exam - Eyes (allergic chiners)

Ears (air fluid levels)

Nose: allergic salute (transverse crease across bridge of nose d/t upward rubbing of the
nose)

Throat: may see post nasal drip

Allergic rhinitis DDX - non-allergic rhinitis syndromes
-infectious rhinitis
-rhinitis medicamentosa (overuse of Afrin)
-vasomotor rhinitis
-gustatory rhinitis (spicy food)
-illicit drugs
-drug induced

Allergic rhinitis diagnosis - usually based on history and PE

Can do tests:
-Blood(CBC eosinophelia)
-Nasal smears
-allergy testing (skin, RAST)

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