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TEFL ACADMEMY ASSIGNMENT C
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TEFL ACADMEMY ASSIGNMENT C
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Assignment C - Part 2.iAuthentic Text
✓ Check the Class Description and Notes on Part 2 on the assignment platform before you begin.
✓ The text should be 500 - 700 words long. (4-5 minutes for listening texts).
✓ In this document, provide a copy of the reading text or a transcript of the listening text you
have chosen.
✓ Ensure the text is referenced, and if you have selected a listening text or video, provide a link.
✓ If you choose a reading text, you can shorten and/or adapt it slightly.
✓ Please supply a copy of the original and your adapted version.
✓ If you have adapted the text, briefly explain the decisions you've made about changing the text
in section b) of the essay.
✓ Highlight 12 vocabulary items (words or phrases) which would be useful to pre-teach.
Overlapping emergencies strain the
nation's public health workforce and
threaten critical vaccination campaigns
✓ By Brenda Goodman, CNN Health
✓ Updated 1813 GMT (0213 HKT) August 22, 2022
✓ (CNN)This fall, the health of the nation will depend in large part on vaccines.
Health officials are banking on vaccinations to contain monkeypox and polio before those
become standing threats in the United States. They're counting on updated boosters to
restore waning immunity against Covid-19. With influenza expected back in the US this
fall, flu shots could be critical to prevent severe illness and keep hospitals from becoming
overwhelmed. While the federal government will facilitate getting these inoculations to
states, it will be the 2,820 state and local health departments that will spearhead the work
of getting shots into arms, and public health experts say it's not clear that these offices
have enough funding or staff to get the job done.
"I think it's deeply worrisome," said Dr. Peggy Hamburg, former health commissioner for
New York City and former commissioner of the US Food and Drug Administration. "It's
hard to imagine how state and local health departments can all mobilize, and they
desperately do need additional support."
"I think we have to recognize that this is a very vulnerable time," said Hamburg, who recently
chaired a commission for the nonprofit Commonwealth Fund on how to modernize the nation's
public health system.
After almost three years of contending with vaccine hesitancy, politics and a global pandemic,
the nation's public health workers are frayed and leaving their posts. Studies are underway to
measure how deeply those losses extended to their staff.
© 2020 The TEFL Academy. All rights reserved. 1
, Now, these depleted agencies are being asked to tackle new threats like monkeypox without
additional funding to handle them.
'Overwhelmed is an understatement'
Can these agencies pull it off?
"Probably not," says Caitlin Rivers, an epidemiologist and assistant professor at the Johns
Hopkins Centre for Health Security in an email to CNN. "Public health is chronically
underfunded and understaffed. Substantial capacity was built during the COVID-19 response -
- for example, contact tracing teams -- but many jurisdictions have wound down that
infrastructure. Covid money is largely inflexible, so it can't really be used for other threats like
monkeypox."
The nation's vaccinators say they are struggling
✓ Hannan said her members have not received any funding to carry out a vaccination
campaign against monkeypox. Yet they've just been asked the change how the vaccine
is given, switching from a more familiar under-the-skin injection to a shallower method
that squirts the vaccine between skin layers, something that requires training to do
correctly. The hope is that intradermal shots, which require one-fifth of a regular dose,
can quickly increase supplies of this hard-to-get vaccine.
✓ If additional community spread is suspected, those areas may need to mount
vaccination campaigns to protect residents who haven't had the shot, such as recent
immigrants or young children who missed routine immunizations during the pandemic.
✓ "A break or a gap in delivery of vaccines sets us up for further outbreaks," said Dr.
Davidson Hamer, an infectious disease specialist at Boston University.
✓ Distrust fuels hostility and hesitancy
✓ Vaccines are considered one of the greatest triumphs of modern medicine, second only
to clean water as a cost-effective health intervention. Each year, they prevent millions
of deaths around the world. In their first year of use, the Covid-19 vaccines prevented
nearly 20 million deaths, a recent study found.
Yet vaccine hesitancy has increased, fueled by misinformation on social media. While
more than three-quarters of Americans are vaccinated against Covid-19, 19% say they
definitely won't get a Covid-19 vaccine. If all these challenges weren't enough, annual flu
shots are due to roll out soon, and they could be especially important this fall.
Influenza made a comeback in Australia this year for the first time since the pandemic
began. United States health officials watch Australia's flu season closely for clues about
what could happen here. They're anticipating that we could see more flu transmission this
year than we have for the past two years, and flu vaccinations will be key to preventing
hospitalizations and deaths.
It would take a more robust public health workforce, and a better funded one, to rebuild
confidence in vaccines.
"What we've seen during Covid is a fringe anti-vax movement move more mainstream,
endangering our nation's safety, security and economic prosperity.
I have cut out the following-The full original version is below
-For these reasons: -The points are repetitive
-I needed to cut the text a bit short
-Although the points are important as well, I wanted more focus on “Monkey-pox”
© 2020 The TEFL Academy. All rights reserved. 2
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