Case
Task 6 - Biomarkers EPI 4924 Clinimetrics
- Course
- Institution
Task 6 - Biomarkers EPI 4924 Clinimetrics
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
zoeverschueren
Reviews received
Content preview
Task 6 - BiomarkersLearning goals:
1. What is a biomarker and what are characteristics of a good biomarker? What are types of
biomarkers?
A biomarker is a characteristic that can be objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of
normal biological processes, pathogenic processes or pharmacological responses to a therapeutic
intervention.
A biomarkers is any substance, structure or process that can be measured in the human body or its
products and may influence or predict the incidence or outcome of a disease.
Other words for biomarkers:
- Biological markers
- Surrogate markers
- Surrogate end points
- Intermediate end points
Type 0 =
Type 1 =
Surrogates are biomarkers that are intended to substitute a clinical end point, based on
epidemiological, therapeutic, pathophysiological or other scientific evidence. A conceptual model
was developed to show the relation of the relation of a biomarker to a clinical end point and the
application of the biomarkers as surrogate end point.
Clinical end point is a characteristic that regels how a patient feels, functions or survives.
Use of surrogate end point instead of clinical end points if it take too long for the clinical end point to
occur.
Types of biomarkers:
- Molecular markers
o Exogenous compounds and their metabolites = from outside the body
E.g. = vitamin C
, Task 6 - Biomarkers
o Normal body constituents
E.g. = estrogen
o Endogenous compounds not present under normal conditions
E.g. = cytokine profiles
o Abnormalities of body chemistry, structure of function
E.g. = mutations
- Imaging (MRI / ECG)
- Functional measurements
Characteristics of a good biomarkers:
- Easy to measure
- Add new information on top of traditional risk factors
- Potential for changing patients management
- Cost-effective
- Safe
- Predictive value replicated in different populations
2. When/how to use biomarkers? And compared to a questionnaire? What are the
(dis)advantages of using biomarkers?
Biomarkers are useful in:
- Early disease detection
- Monitoring of health status
- Assessment of prognosis
- Prediction of risk
Multiple roles of biomarkers:
- Antecedent = identifying the risk of developing an illness
- Screening = screening for subclinical disease
- Diagnostic = recognising overt disease
- Staging = categorising disease severity
- Prognostic = predicting future disease course / response to therapy
- Monitoring
Areas in which biomarkers can be used:
- Clinical practice
- Research
CLINICAL PRACTICE
Usage in clinical practice:
- Indicator or surrogate endpoint
- Early diagnosis
- Prognosis
- Effect of treatment
RESEARCH
Usage in research:
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller zoeverschueren. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $4.87. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75632 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now