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Summary PYC2614 key terms
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Covers key terms of PYC2614 with references to PB.
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• Pyc2614 questions and answers• The aim of the module “ community psychology” : Building Foundations' is not to: fully train
you as a professional that can perform and implement formal community interventions,
solve community problems in the areas of mental illness and crime. Build the foundations of
communities.
• The aim is to: introduce you to sub-discipline of psychology, community psychology,
introduce you to how you fit in the community in which you live, provide ways and means of
understanding the current contextual issues in our communities and to provide an
understanding of community psychological applications, initiatives and interventions.
Embark on a journey together to explore what community psychology is about and
understand where community psychology originated from. Open you up to a deeper
understanding of human interdependence on one another and on nature, discover more
about yourself and your history in the rich and often challenging context of communities.
Understand where community psychology originated from.
• Community psychology was formalised as a separate sub-discipline at the 1965 Swampscott
Conference and held the view that psychology has a place in the community mental health
environment.
• Mainstream, modern and Western psychology is based on a view that psychology is an
objective and universal science and objective knowledge can be created without considering
the role of the observer out researcher in the process of research, knowledge should be
produced through methods of science, objective truth can be discovered if methods of
research are refined, the psychologist is the ultimate expert on people's lives and on their
communities. And NOT observers or researchers play a subjective role in the process of
research. People are the best experts on their own lives and on their local communities
• The bio-medical model focuses on the individual as the unit of analysis, biological factors
influence and affect human behaviour, trading the biological cause( by pharmacological
treatment) will produce the desired effects and psychological challenges are viewed as brain
diseases. Not universe is seen as o organic and ecological and little or no distinction is made
between nature and culture.
• In the worldview of an African psychology causality is understood to be linked to the
interaction of life forces. Organises the world in a hierarchy of beings, view parental
responsibilities as residing with the extended family and the community. Make little or no
distinction between nature and culture and knowledge is gained through participation and
connecting and NOT through separation and abstraction. Or place the wellbeing and
progress of individuals above that if communities.
• The traditional African psychology worldview does have a holistic view of life as a cosmic
unity, view parental responsibilities as also residing with the extended family and
community, make no or little distinction between nature and culture, view causality to be
linked to the interaction of life forces. NOT gain knowledge primarily through separation and
abstraction.
, • The critical African perspective on psychology Criticises acculturation and the
marginalisation of African and other knowledge. And includes the lived experiences and
reflections of marginalised people. Exist as an orientation that developed in response to
mainstream Western psychology, caters for the values of all the classes, races and genders
within their specific contexts NOT assumes a value-free orientation to knowledge that is
located in the middle to upper socioeconomic classes, based on the Western and
individualistic approach to psychology,, caters only for the values of middle and upper
classes and sees psychological illness as having an underlying biological cause.
• Dynamic and resilient economies in a community are primarily indicated by personal and
community safety, housing affordability, transport accessibility and sustainable energy use.
Arts, cultural activities, sports, recreational activities and cultural diversity. Membership in
local community organisations and citizen engagement. NOT sustained retail spending,
business growth and having skilled occupations.
• A critical approach to psychology concerns itself with social change that incorporates a
radical psychology of liberation, locates human values , motivations and behaviours in their
cultural and class contexts, includes the lived experiences and reflections of marginalised
people and strives to address problems such as illiteracy, disintegration of extended family
systems, poverty, alienation and other social issues. provide a form of critique of the
mainstream in order to make psychology less oppressive and more available to the
community and its people Not assume that train the biological cause of mental illness will
produce the desired effects.
• Yen 2013 discussion of community psychology in SA points to the liberatory community
psychological view that the concept “community” may change over time and that it is
multifaceted. And NOT psychological services and psychotherapy are only meant for the
elite and middle class who can afford it, “community” refers only to poor, disadvantaged,
black townships or rural areas. Community psychology is only for the disadvantaged who
cannot afford or access individual therapy and psychological health, illness and disorder are
predominantly located within individuals and not linked to societal , political, historic and
environmental influences. Psychological health, illness and disorder are predominantly
located within individuals and not linked to societal, political, historical and environmental
influences.
• Yen (2013) states that community psychology teaches us that individuals and communities
must be understood in relation to their social and historical contexts, community psychology
is not a value-neutral discipline and “science”, community is a political term, community
consists of socially constructed categories of people.
• The literature on historical and intergenerational trauma states that
• South Africa has a long history of mainstream psychology being silent and sometimes
actively supportive of racism (Yen, 2013). This was linked to a justification that psychology
was seen as a neutral and value-free scientific discipline.
• The definition of community psychology include the following the is no single definition of
community psychology and it is a heterogenous concept, Nelson and Prilleltensky(2010)
refer to community psychology as the critical study of people in context, community
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