Samenvatting van alle hoorcolleges (week 1 t/m 7).
Alle stof is inbegrepen en soms is de uitleg met voorbeelden uitgewerkt.
De belangrijkste begrippen zijn dikgedrukt en definities staan er allemaal bij ---- Summary of all the lectures of G&D (Both English and Dutch)
Governance & digitalization
Summary of all lectures (week 1-7).
Explained by using examples (Both Dutch and English)
Week 1: introducing governance and digitalisation
Meeting overview
• Zoom in on contemporary examples (hedendaagse
voorbeelden).
• Definitions of governance and digitalization.
• What is digital technology and why is it important?
• Three approaches to how technology influences governance:
o Adoption
o Evolution
o Impacts
• The dual dangers of technological and social determinism
• Class overview, material, lectures, exams etc.
Failure or success?
MX3D bridge in Amsterdam.
Use of fraud detection algorithms.
Facial recognition in policing.
Digital twins in healthcare.
What is governance (bestuur)?
Governance is a change in the role of the state from intervention
and control to steering and coordination (Bevir, 2010).
, Governance/bestuur is een verandering in de rol van de staat
van interventie en controle tot aansturing en coördinatie
(Bevir, 2010)
What is digitalisation?
Digitalisation is a digital transformation that “includes a number of
interconnected and evolving technologies” (OECD).
Digitalisering is een digitale transformatie die "een aantal
onderling verbonden en evoluerende technologieën omvat"
Examples of digital technologies
Blockchain
Bodycams
Biometrics
Apps
Sensors
Robots
Self-driving bus, The Netherlands
Automated consensus formation, Taiwan
Blockchain land registry, Honduras
E-voting, Estonia
Digital technologies
OLD
Cafe terraces
,Voting stations
Official documentation
Bus drivers
NEW
E-voting
Self-driving bus
Automated consensus forming
Blockchain property tokens
Substitute, replace, or transform? (Lember, 2018)
Substitute
The technology joins the existing technologies as a second option,
normally displacing it partially. E.g., e-mail, smart watches.
De technologie voegt zich als tweede optie bij de bestaande
technologieën, die normaal gesproken gedeeltelijk wordt
verplaatst.
Mensen sturen e-mails, maar je hebt ook de optie om brieven
te schrijven. Smart-watches: je mag ook een normaal horloge
kopen.
Replace
The technology rivals existing technologies to the extent that
the rivals disappear. E.g., mobile phones, travel cards.
De technologie concurreert met bestaande technologieën in
de mate dat:
de rivalen verdwijnen
, Travel cards: het is niet meer mogelijk om een papieren
ticket te krijgen. Mobile phones: telefoons maken plaats
voor het verdwijnen van huistelefoons, kan ook als
substitutie gezien worden.
Transform
The technology offers something totally new that wasn’t available
before. E.g., social media, artificial intelligence.
De technologie biedt iets totaal nieuws dat dat niet eerder
beschikbaar was.
Social-media en artificial intelligence: bestonden niet eerder,
zijn geheel nieuw.
Substitute, replace, or transform? (Lember, 2018)
Café terraces – automated consensus forming, replacement or
transform
Voting stations – E-voting, substitution
Official documentation – blockchain property tokens, substitution
Bus drivers – self-driving bus, substitution
What is it about digital that makes it special?
Digital affordances:
It is faster and cheaper.
It is programable using code.
o Het is programmeerbaar met behulp van code.
o Je kan iets hercoderen heel makkelijk
, It is more accommodating to a different range of types of
data and technologies being incorporated into the same
network. This is often referred to as the Internet of Things.
o Het is meer accommoderend voor divers scala aan
soorten gegevens en technologieën die in hetzelfde
netwerk worden geïntegreerd. Dit wordt vaak
aangeduid als het internet der dingen.
o ‘’The internet of things’’: alle technologieën zijn
verbonden met elkaar in hetzelfde netwerk(speakers,
wifi, security system). Je kan dingen tegelijk en samen
gebruiken.
Instantaneous communication possible through multiple
platforms.
o Onmiddellijke communicatie mogelijk via meerdere
platforms.
Digital code is traceable and replicable.
o Digitale code is traceerbaar en repliceerbaar.
o Je kan video’s en data tracken en verspreiden via social-
media.
How does digitalisation influence governance?
Adoption – Homburg
Evolution - West
Impacts - Gil-Garcia et al.
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