Summary
4.1 Addiction week 3 summary
- Course
- Institution
Summary for 4.1 Addiction course at EUR clinical psychology
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
ebru1365
Reviews received
Content preview
ADDICTION WEEK 3CONSEQUENCES OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE
Forray 2016 - substance use during pregnancy
Intro
- women are at highest risk for developing a SUD during their reproductive years,
especially ages 18-29
- the most commonly used substance during pregnancy is nicotine, followed by
alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine
- polysubstance use is as high as 50%
- recent increase in use of opioid during pregnancy
- levels of abstinence are high in pregnancy but the impact of this is diminished due to
high rates of relapse postpartum
- maternal relapse happens at a time of high childcare needs
Adverse effects of substance use in pregnancy
alcohol
- heavy alcohol use associated with: increased risk of miscarriage, stillbirth and infant
mortality, congenital anomalies, low birthweight, reduced gestational age, preterm
delivery, small-for-gestational age
- low to moderate drinking: inconclusive or no risk
- most well established adverse fetal effects
- associated with fetal alcohol spectrum (FAS) disorders and adverse
neurodevelopmental outcomes
- long-term cognitive and behavioral challenged, adverse speech and language
outcomes, executive functioning deficits, psychosocial consequences as an adult
smoking
- damage to umbilical cord structure, miscarriage, increased risk for ectopic pregnancy,
low birthweight, placental abruption, preterm birth, increased infant mortality
- health effects of second-hand smoke on newborns: higher rates of respiratory and
ear infections, sudden infant death syndrome, behavioral dysfunction and cognitive
impairment
- women who used to be smokers might stop breastfeeding early to stat smoking again
cannabis
- preterm labor, low birthweight, small-for-gestational age, admission to neonatal ICU
- consequences on the growth of fetal and adolescent brains, reduced attention,
executive functioning skills, poorer academic achievement, behavioral problems
- adverse effects of marijuana are frequently observed with comorbid substance use,
and are greatest in heavy users
cocaine
- extent of effects has been overestimated
, - premature rupture of membranes, placental abruption, preterm birth, low
birthweight, small-for-gestational age
- inconsistent report on long-term effects, confounding effects of postnatal
environment like unsteady and disordered home, dysfunctional parenting etc.
- methamphetamine also related to similar outcomes
opioid
- greater risk of low-birth weight, respiratory problems, third trimester bleeding,
toxemia, mortality
- increased risk of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS)
o symptoms: irritability, feeding difficulties, tremors, hypertonia, emesis, loose
stools, seizures, respiratory stress
- also: postnatal growth deficiency, microcephaly, neurobehavioral problems, sudden
infant death syndrome
- cigarette smoking, very common together with opioid use, may confound the effects
important to remember:
- confounding effects of coexisting substance use and comorbid psychiatric illnesses
- women with SUDs often experience inadequate prenatal care, poor nutrition, chronic
medical problems, poverty and domestic violence
- SUD in pregnancy may also result in early dysfunctional maternal-infant relationship
that potentiates the negative effects of drug exposure
treatment of substance use in pregnancy
- primarily behavioral counseling
- reduce prenatal alcohol use:
o brief interventions that utilize motivational interviewing
o screening via non-healthcare community workers
o counseling by midwives
o multimedia and educational efforts
- smoking cessation:
o mainly behavioral counseling
o psychotherapeutic interventions only led to moderate success
o pharmacological treatment not yet evaluated for safety and efficacy
o nicotine replacement therapy only shows limited efficacy
o most successful: contingency management (CM) with financial incentives
- cannabis:
o lacking
o screening of pregnant women to increase early identification of cannabis use
o motivational interviewing (MI), CBT, and CM show some success for women
but not known for pregnant women
- cocaine:
o CBT, MI, CM
o CM shows most potential, associated with much longer duration of
abstinence compared to reinforcement approach and 12-step facilitation
o currently no evidence based pharmacological treatments
o 1 study shows promise of using progesterone in postpartum to reduce use
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ebru1365. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.07. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75323 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now