Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
The three Ras genes in humans (HRas, KRas, and NRas) encoding for small GTPases are among the most common oncogenes in human cancer; mutations that permanently activate Ras are found in 20 to 25% of all human tumors and up to 90% in certain types of cancer (e.g., pancreatic cancer). Ras inhibitors with good clinical efficacy have not been identified, despite decades of research. What would be another possible approach to prevent Ras from signaling?
Answer: A small molecule that activates the Ras GAP
2.
You wish to investigate which cellular factors are involved in the survival of Salmonella in human cells. RNA interference revealed that inactivation of various factors strongly decreased intracellular survival of Salmonella. To be sure that the factors you found with this approach are really involved in survival of Salmonella, you wish to carry out additional experiments. Which two techniques do you suggest to validate the findings from the RNA interference experiment?
Answer: qPCR and Western Blot
3.
What does the term \"kinome\" mean?
Answer: The complete set of kinases present in a certain cell/or organism.
4.
What does the abbreviation SAR mean related to characterization of drugs or drug targets?
Answer: Structure-activity relationship. The SAR provides information on how small changes in the structure of an inhibitor molecule affect the potency of the inhibitor.
5.
What is the Stokes’ shift in fluorescence?
Answer: The shift in wavelength between excitation and emission
6.
What is the best desciption of a quantum dot?
Answer: A Q-dot is an inorganic semiconductor fluorophore. Typical advantages are a narrow emission spectrum and bright emission.
7.
Some systems can become bistable. What is required?
Answer: Positive feedback
8.
Trehalose–phosphate synthase 1 has been revealed as an important enzyme in yeast. Why is this enzyme so important for growth of yeast?
Answer: This enzyme inhibits the upper part of glycolysis and stimulates the lower part of glycolysis. This contributes to a balanced glycolysis pathway, which is needed for growth.
9.
What is the apparatus for the detection and quantitation of peptides for proteomics analysis?
Answer: A high performance liquid chromatography system coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (HPLC + MS/MS)
10.
A critical step in proteomics analysis is the digestion of proteins into peptides; trypsin is the most commonly used enzyme for this purpose. Trypsin cleaves which peptide bonds?
Answer: The carboxyl group of arginine, or the carboxyl group of lysine, and the amino group of the adjacent amino acid.
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