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samenvatting hoofdstuk 2 maatschappijleer tto
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samenvatting hoofdstuk 2 maatschappijleer
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Chapter: What is social studies?You have personal and social problems, personal is when it is a problem of your own. Social problems are problems that lots of
people in your society have.
1. When it has consequences for large groups of people in a society
(it often extend far beyond national borders; child labour/ economic crises/climate change)
2. When it is caused by social developments
(better medical care = more older people)
3. When it has to do with conflicting interests
(between people or one person → than it is a dilemma)
4. When it demands a social solution
(Solving social problems always means drawing up new regulations and laws → political problems)
Rule of law:
- How the personal freedom and legal protection of citizens in our country are guaranteed
(Can police officers arrest citizens for no specific reason or do they have to wait for a real crime?)
Parliamentary democracy:
- Tackles the way in which politicians in the Netherlands take decisions; also how citizens can influence this
Pluralist society:
- We look at the way in which people with different backgrounds and beliefs life together
(what is the best way to get along with each other and not clash)
Welfare state:
- The way in which people take care of themselves and others, also what the government does for the welfare of its individual
citizens
(in which situations should people have to solve their own problems and when should the government help them)
Values: basic principles that people consider important (honesty / independence / creative freedom)
Values lead to rules of behaviour which dictate how people should behave (honesty = not stealing)
Norms: views on how we are supposed to behave on the basis of a certain value. → could also be considered a social obligation
Concrete values that we really want to realise → ideals (to become a doctor and live in New York)
Interest: something which is to the advantage or disadvantage of a person or group
(often concerns financial benefits or loss - (students benefit from good teaching / everyone from clean air and healthy diet)
Power = formal power = formal authority
having authority to forcibly influence the behaviour of others (often forms of power are laid down in regulations and laws)
Sources of power are f.a. money / knowledge / social status
We are continuously changing our norms, values and interests → we call this the dynamics of a society, this depends on
1. Place: The government's system is different in different countries, in nepal people are unequal from birth, in the NL not
2. Time: In the past families in the NL had lots of children, now there are smaller families
3. Group: -
It is important that people take into account the norms, values and interests of others, then we can speak of communal living
Social cohesion: the degree to which people who are bound together socially get the feeling that they belong together.
, Chapter 1: The concept and origin of the rule of law
The government has to take action when citizens use violence against each other, but it can’t do everything.
The Netherlands is a - democracy based on the rule of law: this affords its citizens double protection and basic rights.
- Citizens can take part in free election = influence decision making on political issues
- Guarantees citizen protection against those in power
The rule of law is a social contract between citizens and the government, when the citizens follow the rule of law, so
will the government.
The rule of law was formed in the seventeenth century, when kings had absolute power. It is divided into 3 principles:
1. Trias politica:
The French Philosopher Montesquieu wrote that in order to counterbalance the power of the king, a
parliament elected by the people should be formed. This parliament would have the power to make laws
and the king and his ministers would judge this. + an independent judiciary should be set up.
2. Fundamental rights:
Rights that are so basic to the freedom, personal development, welfare and protection of the individual
and of groups, that they have been embedded in the constitution. The rule of law has ensured the
constitutional protection of fundamental rights.
3. Principle of legality:
The government is only allowed to restrict the liberty of citizens (acting like your own will) if those
restrictions have already been set down in laws and apply to everyone.
Because of this, rule of law is the opposite of a dictatorship.
The rule of law is government by rules but these rules are applied by people, sometimes things go wrong.
When injustice is experienced, the concept of rule of law comes very sharply into focus.
-After world war II, the rule of law became very important. It was necessary to restate its principles.
-Without human rights there is no rule of law, where human rights are violated, the rule of law comes under threat.
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