Summary Ljizendoorn Meta-analysis and cultural variation of attachment (A01, A03)
2 views 0 purchase
Course
All modules (ATTACHMENT)
Institution
AQA
Book
AQA Psychology for A Level Year 1 & AS - Student Book
This document provides detailed notes of both A01 knowledge and detailed evaluation into the Ljizendoorn meta-analysis and cultural implications, within the AQA attachment module.
Hi! I'm Ben, a former A level psychology student, now studying Psychology and Psychotherapy at University. Through...
AQA Psychology AS/A Level - Topic 1: Social Influence
Memory summary notes, aqa a level psychology
AQA A-Level Psychology | A* Student Notes | Social Influence
All for this textbook (173)
Written for
A/AS Level
AQA
Pscyhology
All modules (ATTACHMENT)
All documents for this subject (59)
Seller
Follow
benjamincatling
Content preview
Van Ijzendoron’s meta-analysis: cultural variations in attachment
Aim: To investigate the types of attachment across cultures and to see how the three main
attachment styles applied. To investigate if attachment styles (secure and insecure) are
universal (the same) across cultures, or culturally specific.
Procedure: Meta analysis of 32 studies into attachment research in style of ‘the strange situation’ in
8 different countries, the US being studied the most, this was done between cultures and within
cultures (cross cultural)
Findings:
Secure attachment was the most common in all cultures, though lowest in China (50% of
those studied)
Secure attachment was highest In Great Britain (75%)
Insecure avoidant was more common in Germany (35%) and rarest in Japan (5%)
Insecure resistant was highest in Israel (29%)
Recent research: Simonelli (2014): conducted in Italy to find cultural variations, and found out of 76
babies only 50% had a secure attachment, whilst 36% had an insecure attachment
Conclusions: Secure attachment appears to be the norm in many cultures, supporting the idea that
attachment is innate, however research clearly shows that cultural practises have an influence on
attachment type, this is perhaps due to individualist/collectivist practises.
Evaluation of Ijzendoorns meta-analysis of cultural variation-A03
Imposed etic/biased method : One limitation of using the strange situation to explain cultural
variation in attachment, is that it was developed in America by American and British psychologists
where child rearing practises differ from other cultures in other countries studied, suggesting they
used an imposed etic, by applying one’s own cultural norms to that of other cultures , therefore we
may perceive them incorrectly, for example Insecure avoidant may be higher in Germany because
children’s independence is typically encouraged earlier(individualistic culture), though the research
makes the parent-child relationships in Germany as poor, Therefore if the methods that Ijizendoorns
analysis studied was flawed, then perhaps his variational conclusions are invalid.
Furthermore: Sagi suggested this method compared countries and not cultures, using the example
of Japan to show that attachment types distribute across parts of the country e.g., Tokyo is rural so
possess more secure attachment, but rural Japan has higher insecure resistance.
Representativeness: not globally representative of less western culture for example Africa is not
studied yet USA is studied 18/32 times, further, variations within cultures was 1.5 times greater than
variations between, suggesting it isn’t a consistent measure to judge attachment. Furthermore,
recent research suggests insecure avoidance is increasing as more babies are going to childcare so
are used to the separation, so perhaps this research should be updated as conflicting results may
arise.
Replicability: This can be credited for using a controlled basis of the strange situation to investigate
differences, this means the procedure is replicable and could be tested again in the future to test for
reliability in different time periods to assess how the findings may change through time.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller benjamincatling. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $4.54. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
