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complete samenvatting Algemene cel- en weefselleer
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Algemene cel- en weefselleervan de huisdieren 1
Inhoudsopgave
Terminologie..........................................................................................................................................9
Weefseltypen.....................................................................................................................................9
DEEL 1: Inleiding microscopische technieken en weefselvoorbereiding................................................9
Enkele begrippen................................................................................................................................9
Weefselvoorbereiding........................................................................................................................9
Lenzen..............................................................................................................................................10
Lichtmicroscoop...............................................................................................................................10
Contrastverhogende technieken......................................................................................................10
Fluorescentie microscopie................................................................................................................10
Transmissie-elektronenmicroscopie (TEM)......................................................................................11
Cryo-EM tomografie.........................................................................................................................11
Super resolutie microscopie.............................................................................................................12
DEEL 3: algemene histologie.................................................................................................................12
1. Epithelen...........................................................................................................................................12
Algemeen..........................................................................................................................................12
Bloedvoorziening..............................................................................................................................12
Epitheelcel........................................................................................................................................12
Bedekkende epithelen......................................................................................................................13
Klierepitheel.....................................................................................................................................15
Exocriene klieren..........................................................................................................................15
Endocriene klieren........................................................................................................................16
Klieren met exocrien en endocrien deel.......................................................................................16
Gespecialiseerde epithelen..............................................................................................................16
Kiemepitheel testis...........................................................................................................................16
Neuro-epitheel.................................................................................................................................17
Differentiatie van zenuwweefsel......................................................................................................17
Exocriene klieren..............................................................................................................................17
Myoepitheelcellen........................................................................................................................17
2. Bindweefsels.....................................................................................................................................17
Algemeen..........................................................................................................................................17
1
, Functies........................................................................................................................................17
Embryologie......................................................................................................................................17
Extracellulaire matrix........................................................................................................................18
Grondsubstantie...........................................................................................................................18
Matrixreceptoren.........................................................................................................................19
Bindweefselvezels............................................................................................................................19
Collageen......................................................................................................................................19
Reticulaire vezels..........................................................................................................................20
Elastische vezels...........................................................................................................................20
Weefselvloeistof...............................................................................................................................21
Indeling.............................................................................................................................................21
Vaste cellen..................................................................................................................................21
Vrije cellen....................................................................................................................................22
Vaste/vrije cellen..........................................................................................................................23
Bindweefseltypen.............................................................................................................................23
Losmazig bindweefsel...................................................................................................................23
Dicht of dens bindweefsel............................................................................................................23
Bindweefsels met speciale eigenschappen.......................................................................................23
Vetweefsel....................................................................................................................................23
Elastisch BW.................................................................................................................................24
Mucoïd BW...................................................................................................................................24
Reticulair BW................................................................................................................................24
Wondgenezing..................................................................................................................................24
3. Kraakbeen.........................................................................................................................................24
Algemeen..........................................................................................................................................24
Extracellulaire matrix= kraakbeenmatrix..........................................................................................25
Kraakbeencellen...............................................................................................................................25
Chondroblasten............................................................................................................................25
Chrondrocyten..............................................................................................................................25
Perichondrium..............................................................................................................................25
Groei, degeneratie en regeneratie...............................................................................................26
Vormen van kraakbeen.....................................................................................................................26
Hyalien kraakbeen........................................................................................................................26
Elastisch kraakbeen......................................................................................................................26
Vezelig of fibreus kraakbeen.........................................................................................................26
4. Botweefsel....................................................................................................................................27
2
,Delen van lang pijpbeen...................................................................................................................27
Algemeen..........................................................................................................................................27
Extracellulaire matrix= botmatrix.....................................................................................................28
Hydroxy-apatiet............................................................................................................................28
Botcellen...........................................................................................................................................28
Indeling.........................................................................................................................................28
Soorten botweefsel..........................................................................................................................29
Macroscopisch..............................................................................................................................29
Lamellair bot.................................................................................................................................29
Histogenese: botvorming.................................................................................................................30
Indeling.........................................................................................................................................30
Diktegroei van lange pijpbeenderen.............................................................................................30
lengtegroei van lange pijpbeenderen...........................................................................................31
Botvorming tijdens ontwikkeling......................................................................................................32
Chondrale botvorming..................................................................................................................32
Intramembraneuze botvorming...................................................................................................32
Botvorming: opmerkingen................................................................................................................32
botfacturen en fractuurgenezing......................................................................................................33
Gewrichten.......................................................................................................................................33
Synarthrosen (= synartroïdale gewrichten)..................................................................................33
Diarthrosen (=diarthroïdale gewrichten)......................................................................................33
5. Spierweefsels................................................................................................................................33
Skeletspier....................................................................................................................................34
Histogenese regeneratie...............................................................................................................34
Myoneurale synaps – motorische eindplaat.................................................................................35
Spierspoel – proprioceptor...........................................................................................................35
Peeslichaampjes van Golgi............................................................................................................35
Hartspierweefsel..............................................................................................................................35
Histogenese, groei en regeneratie van hartspier..........................................................................36
Hartgeleidingssysteem.................................................................................................................36
Glad spierweefsel.............................................................................................................................37
Gladde spiercel.................................................................................................................................37
Organisatie actine en myosine......................................................................................................37
Intracellulaire calciumstijging.......................................................................................................38
Contractie.....................................................................................................................................38
Controle van de contractie...........................................................................................................38
3
, Single unit gladde spieren.............................................................................................................38
Multi unit gladde spieren..............................................................................................................38
Histogenese, groei en regeneratie van gladde spier.........................................................................39
6. Zenuwweefsel...................................................................................................................................39
Algemeen..........................................................................................................................................39
Ontwikkeling.....................................................................................................................................39
Zenuwcellen.....................................................................................................................................40
Neuronen..........................................................................................................................................40
Indeling.........................................................................................................................................40
Cellichaam....................................................................................................................................40
Dendrieten....................................................................................................................................41
Axonen..........................................................................................................................................41
Neuronen..........................................................................................................................................41
Synapsen.......................................................................................................................................41
axonen..............................................................................................................................................42
prikkeloverdracht en geleiding.....................................................................................................42
Neuronen..........................................................................................................................................43
Myelinisatie..................................................................................................................................43
Steuncellen.......................................................................................................................................43
Steuncellen: perifeer zenuwstelsel...................................................................................................43
Cel van Schwann...........................................................................................................................43
Satellietcellen...............................................................................................................................43
Steuncellen: centraal zenuwstelsel...................................................................................................44
Gliacellen of neuroglia..................................................................................................................44
Centraal zenuwstelsel.......................................................................................................................45
Ruggenmerg.................................................................................................................................45
Cerebrum......................................................................................................................................45
Cerebellum...................................................................................................................................46
Meninges......................................................................................................................................47
Bloed-hersenbarrière....................................................................................................................48
Plexus choroideus en liquor cerebrospinalis.................................................................................48
Perifeer zenuwstelsel.......................................................................................................................48
Zenuwen.......................................................................................................................................48
Ganglia..........................................................................................................................................49
Autonoom zenuwstelsel...................................................................................................................49
(ortho)sympatisch systeem..........................................................................................................49
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