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Summary Unit 1. Pre-industrial economy
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Unit 1. Pre-industrial economy
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economythe limits of population growth: the malthusian ceiling
growth pre-modern model
The demography model before the Industrial Revolution had high births and death rates
(+ than 30 births/deaths per 100 people).
Also, they had large fluctuations due to mortality crisis (death rate increases high for a
period) like epidemics (plagues, typhus, smallpox) and subsistence crises (weather that
affected negatively to agriculture among others that caused lack of food so, the bad
nourishments caused that the immunity system of the people made them susceptible of
dying).
In the pre-modern model, they also had low life expectancy at birth (25 years) due to bad
health and not having access to medication. The infant mortality was very high. The
chances at dying before the year were very high.
Moreover, from the 15th century, women used to first marriage at the age of 25, in contrast
of the time before when they used to marriage at 16, so they could have less child, so
they had less mouth to nourish and more food to eat. The older you marry, the less child
you’ll have.
malthusian model
The resources limited the population growth, because if the population grew but the
resources stayed the same, the population wouldn’t be well nourished, so they didn’t have
a good immunity system that protected them from diseases. Therefore, the life expectancy
reduced. Instead, if the population reduced, there’d be more resources so the population
could be well nourished again and with it, they’d have a higher life expectancy. If the
population grew, there appeared mortality crisis as wars, famine, and epidemics. The
Malthusian model theory explains that the human population grows more rapidly than the
food supply until famines, war or disease reduces the population.
There are two ways that society could regulate their population:
• Preventative Checks: Increase the age of marriage, increase salivary (not marry).
• Positive Checks: Mortality
A population with higher living standards will most likely start the Industrial Revolution
earlier because they will have more resources to spend, and to commerce.
In the Chinese society, the birth rates were not determined by the available of food or
other resources. In England happened the opposite, the birth rates were determined by
the number of resources available, what caused them to have a better living standard.
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