Volledige samenvatting psychologie.
Dit vak wordt gegeven in het tweede semester van het eerste jaar orthopedagogie aan de AP Hogeschool.
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psychologie 2 1 inhoudsopgave 1 hoofdstuk 3 – psychodynamische benaderingen 4 31 inleiding 4 32 de theorie van freud 4 321 het driftmodel ‘es’
‘ego’ en ‘superergo’ 5 322 ontwikkelingsfasen van
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Artesis Plantijn Hogeschool Antwerpen (Artesis)
Orthopedagogie
Psychologie
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PSYCHOLOGIE 2
INHOUDSOPGAVE
Psychologie 2 .............................................................................................................................. 1
Inhoudsopgave ....................................................................................................................... 1
Hoofdstuk 3 – Psychodynamische benaderingen ...................................................................... 5
3.1 Inleiding ............................................................................................................................ 5
3.2 De theorie van Freud ........................................................................................................ 8
3.2.1 Het driftmodel: ‘es’, ‘ego’ en ‘superergo’ ................................................................. 9
3.2.2 Ontwikkelingsfasen van ‘es’, ‘ego’ en ‘superego’ ................................................... 10
3.2.3 Afweermechanismen .............................................................................................. 11
3.2.4 Therapieën vanuit het driftmodel ........................................................................... 12
3.2.5 Overdracht en tegenoverdracht ............................................................................. 13
3.2.6 Therapeutische technieken en houding bij het driftmodel .................................... 14
3.2.7 Uitgangspunten ....................................................................................................... 14
3.3 Het objectrelatiemodel .................................................................................................. 14
3.4 De zelfpsychologie: Heinz Kohut en Daniël Stern - niet ................................................. 16
3.5 Psychodynamische therapieën ...................................................................................... 16
3.5.1 Therapeutische technieken en houding.................................................................. 17
3.6 Neofreudianen en door Freud geïnspireerde ontwikkelingen – niet kennen ............... 18
Hoofdstuk 4 – Cognitief-gedragstherapeutische benaderingen .............................................. 19
4.1 Inleiding .......................................................................................................................... 19
4.2 Gedragstherapie ............................................................................................................. 20
4.2.1 Klassieke conditionering.......................................................................................... 21
4.2.2 Operante conditionering ......................................................................................... 26
4.2.3 Verschillende operante technieken ........................................................................ 27
4.3 model-leren .................................................................................................................... 29
4.4 Sociale vaardigheidstrainingen ...................................................................................... 30
4.5 Het belang van motivatie ............................................................................................... 30
4.6 Cognitieve psychologie ................................................................................................... 30
4.6.1 De mens als computer........................................................................................ 31
4.6.2 Albert Ellis en Aaron Beck .................................................................................. 32
4.6.3 Het ABC- en het G-schema ................................................................................. 32
4.6.4 Het G-schema in de therapie met Marianne - LEZEN ............................................. 33
Pagina 1 van 72
, 4.6.5 Aaron Beck: cognitieve therapie ............................................................................. 33
4.6.6 Therapeutische interventies ................................................................................... 34
4.6.7 Therapeutische houding.......................................................................................... 35
4.7 Nieuwere ontwikkelingen .............................................................................................. 35
4.8.1 EMDR ....................................................................................................................... 35
4.8.2 Mindfulnes of aandachttraining .............................................................................. 35
4.8.3 Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) ......................................................... 35
4.10 Kanttekeningen ............................................................................................................ 36
Hoofdstuk 5 – Experiëntiële en cliëntgerichte benaderingen ................................................. 36
5.1 Inleiding .......................................................................................................................... 36
5.2 Zelfontplooiing ............................................................................................................... 37
5.3 Onvoorwaardelijke acceptatie ....................................................................................... 37
5.4 incongruentie: vervreemd van anderen en van onszelf ................................................ 37
5.5 Positieve mogelijkheden ................................................................................................ 38
5.6 Uitgangspunten van de cliëntgerichte benadering ........................................................ 39
5.7 Onvoorwaardelijke acceptatie, echtheid en empathie .................................................. 40
5.8 Niet adviseren, maar begrijpen en verhelderen ............................................................ 40
5.9 De behoeftepiramide van Abraham Maslow ........................................................... 41
5.10 Directieve technieken, ervaringsleren en existerntiële dilemma’s ............................. 41
5.10.1 Gestalttherapie...................................................................................................... 42
5.10.2 Experiëntiële benaderingen .................................................................................. 42
5.10.3 Existentiële benaderingen ..................................................................................... 42
5.10.4 Fenomenologische benaderingen ......................................................................... 43
5.10.5 Taakgerichte en cognitieve aanvullingen .............................................................. 43
5.12 cliëntgerichte en experiëtiële benaderingen in zorg en welzijn .................................. 43
5.13 Kanttekeningen ............................................................................................................ 44
Hoofdstuk 6 – Lichaamsgerichte benaderingen....................................................................... 45
6.1 inleiding .......................................................................................................................... 45
6.2 Lichaam als objects en als subject: ‘Körper’ en ‘leib’ ..................................................... 45
6.3 Lichaamsgerichte therapieën ......................................................................................... 46
6.4 ervaren en communiceren met het leib ........................................................................ 46
6.5 uitgangspunten............................................................................................................... 47
6.6 werkwijze van lichaamsgerichte therapieën .................................................................. 47
Pagina 2 van 72
, 6.7 Lichaamsgerichte interventies ....................................................................................... 48
6.8 Integratieve bewegingspsychotherapie ......................................................................... 48
6.9 Therapeutische houding................................................................................................. 50
6.11 Lichaamsgerichte benaderingen in zorg en welzijn ..................................................... 50
6.12 Kanttekeningen ............................................................................................................ 50
hoofdstuk 7 – Systeemgerichte benaderingen ........................................................................ 51
7.1 Inleiding .......................................................................................................................... 51
7.2 Verschillende inspiratiebronnen van de systeembenaderingen ................................... 51
7.3 De algemene systeemleer .............................................................................................. 52
7.4 Uitgangspunten van systeembenaderingen .................................................................. 54
7.5 Verschillende systeeltherapeutische benaderingen ...................................................... 54
7.6 De communicatietheoretische benadering ................................................................... 55
7.7 De structurele benadering: kluwen- en los-zand-gezinnen ........................................... 56
7.8 De intergenerationele of contextuele benadering ........................................................ 58
7.8.1 Vier dimensies ......................................................................................................... 59
7.8.2 Een Balans tussen geven en nemen ........................................................................ 59
7.8.3 Gerechtigde aanspraken: De winst van het zorgen ................................................ 60
7.8.5 Roulerende rekeningen en een Destructief recht................................................... 61
7.8.4 Verschillende soorten realties en loyaliteiten ........................................................ 62
7.8.6 Contextuele therapie, therapeutische houding, therapeutische interventies ....... 63
7.10 verwante ontwikkelingen ............................................................................................. 65
7.10.1 Eigen kracht conferenties...................................................................................... 65
7.10.3 Familieopstellingen ............................................................................................... 65
7.14 Interventies gericht op de sociale omgeving ........................................................... 67
7.16 kanttekeningen bij systeemtherapieën ................................................................... 67
hoofdstuk 8 – Oplossingsgerichte benaderingen en positieve psyvhologie ............................ 68
8.1 Inleiding .......................................................................................................................... 68
8.2 Positieve psychologie ..................................................................................................... 68
8.3 Oplossingsgerichte benadering ...................................................................................... 68
8.4 uitgangspunten............................................................................................................... 69
8.5 ordenen en zoeken ......................................................................................................... 69
8.6 Het formuleren van doelen ............................................................................................ 69
8.7 Therapeutische technieken ............................................................................................ 70
Pagina 3 van 72
, 8.7.1 De wondervraag ...................................................................................................... 70
8.7.2 Het zoeken naar uitzonderingen ............................................................................. 70
8.7.3 Schalen .................................................................................................................... 71
8.8 therapeutische houding ................................................................................................. 71
8.10 Oplossingsgerichte benaderingen in zorg en welzijn ................................................... 72
8.11 Kanttekeningen ............................................................................................................ 72
Pagina 4 van 72
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