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Chapitre 2 - Les organes judiciaires
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Notes de cours portant sur les différents organes judiciaires en droit.
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Chapitre 2 : Les organes judiciaires (=tribunaux)1 – L’organisation judiciaire française
Composition :
judiciaire
de proximité
L’ordre judiciaire : les juridictions civiles du 1er degré
è Litiges entre des personnes physiques et morales de droits privés
Chaque juridiction a des compétences matérielles (selon la nature et/ou le montant du litige)
et des compétences territoriales (principe : le tribunal compétent est celui du lieu du
domicile du défendeur). Il y a les tribunaux civils du 1er degré :
- Les tribunaux judiciaires : issus de la fusion entre les tribunaux d’instance (TI) et les
tribunaux de grande instance (TGI)
o Compétent pour les litiges > à 10 000€, litiges en matière de divorce ...
- Les tribunaux de proximité :
o Compétent pour les litiges < à 10 000€, litiges liés au crédit à la
consommation
Les juges dans les tribunaux sont des juges professionnels, appelés magistrats.
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