Summary
Samenvatting Recht
- Course
- Institution
In dit document worden alle lessen van recht samengevat. Het gaat van een inleiding algemeen recht tot een verdieping in het vennootschapsrecht.
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Recht,Inhoudsopgave
1 Deel 1: Inleiding tot het recht................................................................................................................ 8
1.1 Algemene inleiding.......................................................................................................................... 8
1.1.1 Verantwoording......................................................................................................................... 8
1.1.2 Het begrip recht........................................................................................................................ 8
1.1.2.1 Algemeen............................................................................................................................ 8
1.1.2.2 Een geheel van algemeen geldende normatieve regels......................................................8
1.1.2.2.1 Verbods-,gebods-, toelatings-, en organieke regels......................................................8
1.1.2.2.2 Aanvullend of dwingend recht.......................................................................................8
1.1.2.2.3 Algemene of individuele normen...................................................................................9
1.1.2.3 Door de staat opgelegde of ontvangen en bekrachtigde normen........................................9
1.1.2.4 Afdwingbare normen........................................................................................................... 9
1.1.2.5 Normen die de ordering van het maatschappelijke leven beogen.......................................9
1.2 Inleidingen van het recht............................................................................................................... 10
1.2.1 Privaatrecht- publiekrecht....................................................................................................... 10
1.2.2 Supranationaal recht vs nationaal recht..................................................................................10
1.2.3 Objectief recht- subjectief recht.............................................................................................. 10
1.2.4 Rechtsmisbruik........................................................................................................................ 12
1.2.5 Materieel vs formeel recht....................................................................................................... 12
1.3 Bronnen van het recht................................................................................................................... 12
1.3.1 Wetgeving sensu lato (materiële wet).....................................................................................12
1.3.1.1 Onderscheid tussen formele en materiële wet..................................................................12
1.3.1.2 Internationale verdragen en secundair internationaal recht..............................................13
1.3.1.3 Grondwet.......................................................................................................................... 13
1.3.1.4 De wet (sensu stricto)....................................................................................................... 14
1.3.1.4.1 Standaard wetgevingsprocedure.................................................................................14
1.3.1.4.2 Andere technieken...................................................................................................... 15
1.3.1.5 Decreten en ordonnanties................................................................................................. 15
1.3.1.6 Koninklijke besluiten......................................................................................................... 16
1.3.1.7 Ministeriële besluiten........................................................................................................ 16
1.3.1.8 Besluit van een deelregering............................................................................................. 16
1.3.1.9 Provinciaal en gemeentelijke reglement...........................................................................16
1.3.2 Rechtspraak............................................................................................................................ 17
1.3.3 Rechtsleer............................................................................................................................... 18
1.3.4 Gewoonte................................................................................................................................ 18
1.3.5 Algemene rechtsbeginselen.................................................................................................... 19
1.4 Structuren en instellingen............................................................................................................ 19
1.4.1 Algemene beginselen.............................................................................................................. 19
1.4.1.1 Parlementaire democratie.................................................................................................19
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, 1.4.1.2 Scheiding van machten..................................................................................................... 19
1.4.1.3 Rechtsstaat....................................................................................................................... 19
1.4.1.4 Erfelijke constitutionele monarchie...................................................................................19
1.4.1.5 Federale staat................................................................................................................... 20
1.4.2 Federale politieke instellingen.................................................................................................20
1.4.2.1 Het parlement................................................................................................................... 20
1.4.2.1.1 Samenstelling............................................................................................................. 20
1.4.2.1.2 Bevoegdheden............................................................................................................ 21
1.4.2.2 De regering....................................................................................................................... 22
1.4.2.2.1 De Koning.................................................................................................................... 22
1.4.2.2.2 Samenstelling van de regering....................................................................................23
1.4.2.2.3 Bevoegdheden............................................................................................................ 23
1.4.3 Regionale politieke instellingen............................................................................................... 23
1.4.3.1 Gemeenschappen............................................................................................................. 23
1.4.3.1.1 Structuren................................................................................................................... 23
1.4.3.1.2 Bevoegdheden............................................................................................................ 24
1.4.3.2 Gewesten.......................................................................................................................... 25
1.4.3.2.1 Structuren................................................................................................................... 25
1.4.3.2.2 Bevoegdheden............................................................................................................ 25
1.5 Rechtshandhaving......................................................................................................................... 25
1.5.1 Enkele gerechtelijke functies................................................................................................... 25
1.5.2 Privaatrechtelijke procesrecht................................................................................................. 26
1.5.2.1 Procedure in eerste aanleg................................................................................................ 26
1.5.2.1.1 De rechtsingang op tegenspraak................................................................................26
1.5.2.1.2 De inleidende zitting................................................................................................... 26
1.5.2.1.3 Conclusie..................................................................................................................... 26
1.5.2.1.4 Instaatstelling.............................................................................................................. 27
1.5.2.1.5 Terechtzitting.............................................................................................................. 27
1.5.2.1.6 Vonnis......................................................................................................................... 27
1.5.2.2 Rechtsmiddelen................................................................................................................. 27
1.5.2.2.1 Begrippen en kenmerken............................................................................................ 27
1.5.2.2.2 Hoger beroep.............................................................................................................. 29
1.5.2.2.3 Cassatie...................................................................................................................... 29
1.5.3 Gewone gerechtelijke instellingen: rechtbanken en hoven.....................................................29
1.5.3.1 Bevoegdheid van de rechtbanken.....................................................................................29
1.5.3.2 Organisatie van de rechtbanken over het Belgisch grondgebied......................................30
1.5.3.2.1 enkele begrippen........................................................................................................ 30
1.5.3.2.2 Vredegerecht.............................................................................................................. 30
1.5.3.2.3 Politierechtbank.......................................................................................................... 31
1.5.3.2.4 Rechtbank van eerste aanleg......................................................................................31
1.5.3.2.5 Ondernemingsrechtbank.............................................................................................32
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, 1.5.3.2.6 Arbeidsrechtbank........................................................................................................ 32
1.5.3.2.7 Arrondissementsrechtbank......................................................................................... 32
1.5.3.2.8 Hof van beroep............................................................................................................ 33
1.5.3.2.9 Arbeidshof................................................................................................................... 33
1.5.3.2.10 Hof van Assisen......................................................................................................... 33
1.5.3.2.11 Hof van Cassatie....................................................................................................... 33
1.5.4 Bijzondere instellingen: Raad van State- Grondwettelijk Hof...................................................33
1.5.4.1 Grondwettelijk Hof............................................................................................................. 34
1.5.4.2 Raad van State.................................................................................................................. 34
2 Deel 2: Verbintenissenrecht................................................................................................................ 35
2.1 Inleiding......................................................................................................................................... 35
2.2 Verbintenissen uit overeenkomst.................................................................................................. 35
2.2.1 Definitie en enkele soorten...................................................................................................... 35
2.2.2 Basisbeginselen van het contractrecht....................................................................................35
2.2.3 Geldigheidsvoorwaarden voor het bestaan van de overeenkomst..........................................36
2.2.3.1 Toestemming.................................................................................................................... 36
2.2.3.2 Bekwaamheid.................................................................................................................... 36
2.2.3.3 Voorwerp........................................................................................................................... 37
2.2.3.4 Oorzaak............................................................................................................................. 37
2.2.4 Interpretatie van overeenkomsten..........................................................................................37
2.2.5 Uitwerking van de overeenkomst............................................................................................37
2.2.5.1 Uitwerking tussen de contractpartijen...............................................................................37
2.2.5.2 Uitwerking tegenover derden............................................................................................38
2.2.6 Modaliteiten van de verbintenis.............................................................................................. 39
2.2.6.1 Voorwaardelijke verbintenissen.........................................................................................39
2.2.6.2 Verbintenissen met tijdsbepaling......................................................................................39
2.2.6.3 Verbintenissen met meerdere voorwerpen.......................................................................39
2.2.6.4 Verbintenissen met meerdere subjecten...........................................................................40
2.2.6.5 Verbintenissen onder strafbeding......................................................................................40
2.2.7 Beëindigen van de overeenkomst...........................................................................................40
2.2.7.1 Betaling............................................................................................................................. 40
2.3 Verbintenissen uit quasi-contracten..............................................................................................40
2.3.1 Zaakwaarneming..................................................................................................................... 40
2.3.2 Onverschuldigde betaling........................................................................................................ 41
2.3.3 Verrijking zonder oorzaak........................................................................................................ 41
2.4 De onrechtmatige daad................................................................................................................. 41
2.4.1 Terminologie en overzicht van de stof.....................................................................................41
2.4.2 Verantwoordelijkheid voor de eigen onrechtmatige daad.......................................................42
2.4.2.1 De fout.............................................................................................................................. 42
2.4.2.2 De schade......................................................................................................................... 42
2.4.2.3 Het oorzakelijk verband..................................................................................................... 43
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