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NURS 231: Pathophysiology
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NURS 231 FINAL EXAM
,Question 1
pts
Multiple Choice:
You are seeing a patient in your clinic who recently suffered a TIA. Recent diagnostic tests
revealed that he has atrial fibrillation. You decide to put him on a blood thinner to prevent a
future neurologic event. This would be an example of:
Question 2
Not yet graded / 4 pts
Fill in the blank:___________ propel chyme along the small intestine toward the large intestine
in one direction.
Your Answer:
Peristalsis.
Answer: Peristaltic movements
Question 3
Not yet graded / 4 pts
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Fred, a 76-year-old male. His hemoglobin
levels are 15.5 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal value?
Your Answer:
Normal value.
Normal
Question 4
pts
Multiple Choice:
Which of the following is an active form of Vitamin D?
Correct!
25-hydroxycholecalciferol
Erythropoietin
, cholecalciferol
Question 5
Not yet graded / 4 pts
List 2 differences between benign and malignant neoplasms.
Your Answer:
Benign tumors have distinct, smooth and regular borders. They are also become large, but do
not invade nearby tissues or spread to other parts of your body.
Malignant tumors have irregular borders that can spread to other parts of your body and it
spreads quicker than benign tumors.
Any combination of the following - Benign tumors are well-differentiated cells, resemble the cells
of tissues of origin, and have a slow, progressive rate of growth. They grow by expansion and
remain localized to their site of origin, not capable of metastasizing. Malignant neoplasms
invade and destroy tissue. They grow rapidly, spread to other parts of the body, and lack well-
defined margins. They can compress blood vessels and outgrow their blood supply, causing
ischemia and tissue injury.
Question 6
Not yet graded / 4 pts
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed with Osteoporosis. They
mention that they joined a Silver Sneakers program at their local gym because they read that
weight-bearing exercise promotes bone density. What word of caution would you give to them
as they participate in this program?
Your Answer:
Try to not over strain your body. Avoid forward bends and twists as these movements can strain
the spine. Any movement involving extreme spinal flexion can create compression between the
vertebrae and possibly lead to a cascade of fractures. Use as much impact as you can tolerate,
don't go beyond what you cannot handle.
While weight-bearing exercises have been shown to increase bone density, they should be
done in a safe way minimizing the risk for falls as they are at increased risk for fracture with a
diagnosis of osteoporosis.
Question 7
Not yet graded / 4 pts
You are evaluating a patient in the Emergency Department who was brought in by ambulance
after being involved in a serious motor vehicle accident. Their respiratory rate is increased; they
are experiencing difficulty breathing, and breath sounds in their right lung are diminished. You
order a CT scan and determine that they are experiencing a pneumothorax of their right lung.
Pulse oximetry and arterial blood gases reveal that blood oxygenation is outside of normal
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