Notes based on the 7 lectures and the assigned readings & videos:
* Please note that notes for some articles are missing but I indicated their authors and title to ensure that you are aware of which ones I did not include notes of.
1. Video 1 - Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui (Bolivian indigenous femini...
Wrong Hypotheses
Hypothesis 1: Triumphalism that Evo's fall we recovered democracy
BUT: democracy is a very distant objective bc they are still marginalized by unions captured by
misogyny/special interest/silencers
- Ena Taborga (indigenous leader)
- Rositas (hydroelectric dam)
- Women in Tariquía (community fighting oil pipelines)
- Women of TIPNIS (natural reserve)
- Doña Marquesa & Doña Cecilia (leaders in fight in TIPNIS)
H1: Coup d'etat (golpe de estado)
Goal: seeks to legitimize the whole Evo morales government even its moments of greater
deterioration
BUT: they are creating false networks of indigenous people and making them believe that before
the country was a revolutionary government
Video 2 - Discussing feminism with Latin-American women
Current struggles
- Getting killed
- Sexuality/ sexual diversity
- Condemnation of sexual assault (denuncia del acoso sexual)
- Decriminalisation of abortion/ Body autonomy/ reproductive autonomy
- Reposition movements, organization to combat patriarchy
Video 3 - Mujeres que no se quedan en casa durante COVID-19
- 130M of people don't have a formal income
Struggles
- 50%+ of Mexican families live from an informal income (lockdown is detrimental)
, - Most people ate their savings (not knowing when you will be able to work again)
- Social gaps are even more marked now in the pandemic
- Environmental pandemic (waste)
- Digital exclusion (increases social gap) (e.g. free wifi to have access to work)
- 44% of Latin American homes have access to internet
- Increased violence (put up wit macho behavior)
- 60% of women in the informal market who had to give their men the job of taking
care of the home, children etc to be able to work
W2: Lecture 1 - Feminisms, gender and social inequality in Latin America
Ethnocentrism: considering the norms and values of one's own society as good and as a moral
point of departure in the study/analysis of other societies and cultural groups
- Eurocentrism:
Androcentrism: arguing or analysing from a male perspective and social positions
- Centering of the male experience as the norm, analyzing from a male perspective
- (most of the analysis of social theory were based on the male e.g. people doing research
and the subjects of the research were based on male as the norm, 'that's what science is')
No gender studies, women studies = tension! Bringing critique to social science studies
Ethno- and androcentric ideas about gender relations in social theory
- Nucelar family hh based on heterosexuak couple as natural fact
- In all societies, women are subordinate to men (patriarchy)
- Family hh are headed by a male breadwinner, female partner';s main responsibilities are
child care a dn h chores
- Men are active, women are passive and subordinate
- ADD BULLETPOINTS
-
History
- Suffragettes in Britain first feminism wave (1915)
- No body rights (only men who owned houses/land could vote)
- Issue of: Liberty, voting, hold land
, - Simone de Beauvoir (The Second Sex) (1949) wife of existentional philosopher (she was
overshadowed by her husband, and she began to realize that although women in some
countries had voting rights, she wrote a book)
- Book: Argues thast man is considered default ('absolute human-type, the
masculine, he is the subject, the Absolute), while women are the 'Other' (defined
woman relative to him, differentiated with reference to man and he is not)
- One is not born, but becomes a woman
- Betty Friedan (The Feminine Mystique) (NY, 1963)
- Women should be seen as equals, should be allowed into the workplace (not only
allowed to make lower wages, and be able to reach same positions as men)
- Gayle Rubin
- Made distinction between sex and gender
- Sex: biological differences betwen women and men
- Gender: cultural meanings attached to those biological differences (e.g.
cultural construction of feminitiy and masculinity)
- Main counter position: Black feminist critique
- Feminism is a Western, White, middle-class movement
- Gender, ethnicity, sexuality, race and class all play important roles within systems
of oppression and processes of social exclusion
- Intersectionality: (black woman struggle) the awareness that different axes of
social inequality exist and may reinforce each other
- Judith Butler (Gender Troible: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity) (NY, 1990)
- Gender performativity: We perform gender in every aspect of our life (we are
constantly engaging in performative acts of gender actively)
- They can be unconciously role-affirmative vs. purposive (e.g. having
longer hair = female can be aseen as a performance)
- Puts gender on a continum, not as polar opposties from one another (break
through binary thinking (e.g. male vs. female))
- Gloria Anzaluda (Borderlands)
- There is a third space: space of imagination, where hybrid nationalities, gender
performances can be reached; they exist in our minds
Meanwhile in Latin America
- 1975, 19 June - 2 July: World conference of the Iternational Women's Year
- Women should hold land
- Maria Lugones (Toward a Decolonial Feminism) (2010 Hypatia), Manifesto writen in
spanish (colonial feminism)
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