biochem wgu Questions And Answers 2022

anticodon - Answer - The three bases of the mRNA codon are complementary (i.e., they base-pair) to three bases on the tRNA known as anticodon codon - Answer - During translation the ribosome, a protein synthesis machine with two subunits (the large 60S and the small 40S subunits), uses transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to match up amino acids with mRNA bases. The tRNA "decodes" the mRNA three bases at a time. These 3 bases are codons. Introns - Answer - Intervening sequences in a newly made mRNA molecule that are removed by splicing before the mRNA is released into the cytoplasm for protein synthesis (translation). Exons - Answer - The expressed sequences from a new mRNA strand that remain in the mRNA after splicing. The exons will be the part of the mRNA translated into protein. Peptide bonds - Answer - The tRNA carries the amino acid that is specific to a particular codon. When codon and anticodon meet and base-pair at the ribosome the amino acid carried by the tRNA is incorporated into the growing protein chain by a peptide bond Polypeptides - Answer - Because the amino acids are connected by peptide bonds, the protein products of translation are often called polypeptides. A single polypeptide is the result of the transcription and translation of a single gene. promoters - Answer - The initiation of RNA synthesis requires a specific DNA sequence at a site known as a promoter. The promoter is located just upstream of a gene and is the binding site for transcription factors that recruit the RNA polymerase. Bound to by transcription factors. rna polymerase - Answer - The primary enzyme involved in transcription that reads the DNA sequence of a gene and produces a complementary mRNA molecule. transcription bubble - Answer - RNA polymerase separates the two DNA strands in a small portion of the DNA molecule to form a transcription bubble, thus allowing it to access the template strand and begin RNA synthesis activation energy - Answer - The energy required to start a chemical reaction disulfide bond - Answer - A double bond between two Sulphur atoms in cysteine side chains. induced fit - Answer - A model of enzyme action indicating that the enzyme's active site confromation changes slightly to better accommodate a specific substrate.