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Lecture notes about the regulation of BP and cardiovascular system function.
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B Nursing II HUB228 2022Department of Medical Biosciences
University of the Western Cape
Lecture 3 & 4:
Regulation of blood pressure and
cardiovascular system function
, Introduction
Factors involved in regulating blood flow, BV and ultimately BP:
(1) Autoregulation
• immediate, localized homeostatic adjustments to blood flow at
capillary beds
(2) Neural control mechanisms:
• act very rapidly, within few seconds to minutes after change in BP
• only stay active for few hours to few days
• prevent acute decrease in BP (e.g. due hemorrhage) or increase in BP (e.g.
excessive blood transfusion)
• mainly adjust CO and PR to stabilize BP and blood flow
(3) Endocrine/humoral control mechanisms:
• takes several minutes to hours to show any significant response
(4) Other long-term mechanisms
• very powerful to control BV and BP over days, weeks and months
,Regulation of BP and CVS function
, Autoregulation
• autoregulation = automatic adjustment of blood flow to each tissue
according to that tissue’s requirements at any moment
- autoregulation depends on the adjustment of a tissue/organ’s vascular
resistance (peripheral resistance) and maintaining a constant blood flow
- this is done intrinsically by modifying the diameter of local arterioles
supplying the capillaries either by:
o metabolic or
o myogenic controls
autoregulation is well developed in the
kidney, brain, heart, skeletal muscle and
mesentery
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