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Human biology lecture notes about protein metabolism.
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Lecture 18Protein metabolism
B Nursing II HUB218 2022
Dept. Medical Biosciences
University of the Western Cape
, Overview
• Please refer to HUB118 lecture 38
1) Dietary proteins
2) Protein catabolism
- protein and nitrogen balance
- oxidative deamination
3) Protein anabolism
- transamination
4) Protein deficiency diseases
- amino acid metabolism diseases
, Dietary proteins
• the proteins we get in our diet from meat, dairy products, nuts,
certain grains and beans are needed to build and maintain bones,
muscles and skin
• the body doesn't store proteins in the way it stores CHOs or fats,
so we need to eat protein every day
• proteins are macromolecules composed of individual amino acids,
so if any one type of amino acid is deficient, vital proteins can’t be
synthesized
• of the pool of 20 different types of amino acids in the cytoplasm
used for protein synthesis, 11 are nonessential amino acids,
which can be synthesised from intermediates already present in
the body, while the other 9 are essential amino acids, which
must be supplied in the diet
• for moral/ethical reasons, some people (vegetarians/vegans)
abstain from eating meat and meat products but plant proteins
(unlike animal proteins), are incomplete and so must be combined
to get all of the amino acids the body needs
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