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volledige samenvatting strafrecht

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volledige samenvatting strafrecht ik behaalde 15/20

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  • November 4, 2022
  • 64
  • 2021/2022
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Jeugd-en strafrecht




1

,Inhoud
Strafrecht................................................................................................................................................5
1. Doelstellingen van een strafproces.....................................................................................................6
2. De twee fasen van een strafproces.................................................................................................6
2.1. Fase van het vooronderzoek........................................................................................................7
Fase van de terechtzitting...................................................................................................................8
3. Hoofdrolspelers in het strafprocesrecht.............................................................................................8
3.1. De verdachte...............................................................................................................................8
3.2. Het Openbaar Ministerie...........................................................................................................10
3.2.1. Structuur van het Openbaar Ministerie..............................................................................10
3.2.2. Rol van het Openbaar Ministerie in strafzaken...................................................................11
3.3. Het slachtoffer...........................................................................................................................13
3.4. De rechters in een strafproces...................................................................................................13
3.5. Justitiehuizen.............................................................................................................................15
4. Het verloop van een strafproces.......................................................................................................15
4.1. Bij de politie...............................................................................................................................16
4.1.1. Hoe de politie op de hoogte van strafbare feiten: klacht, aangifte, ambtelijke vaststelling
......................................................................................................................................................16
4.1.4. Verdere afhandeling door de politie...................................................................................17
4.2. Bij het Openbaar Ministerie.......................................................................................................17
4.2.1. Seponering..........................................................................................................................18
4.2.2. Buitengerechtelijke afhandeling.........................................................................................19
4.2.3. Instellen van de strafvordering..........................................................................................20
4.2.4. Leiden van een opsporingsbericht......................................................................................20
4.3.5. Vorderen van een gerechtelijk onderzoek..........................................................................20
4.3. Bij de onderzoeksrechter...........................................................................................................21
4.3.1. Bevel tot huiszoeking..........................................................................................................21
4.3.2. Beval tot inbeslagname.......................................................................................................21
4.3.3. Bevel tot medebrenging.....................................................................................................22
4.3.4. Bevel tot aanhouding (= plaatsing in voorlopige hechtenis)...............................................22
4.4. Bij de Raadkamer.......................................................................................................................24
4.4.1. Controle op de voorlopige hechtenis..................................................................................24
4.4.2. Regeling der rechtspleging..................................................................................................24
4.5. Bij de Kamer van Inbeschuldigingstelling...................................................................................26
4.5.1. Inbeschuldigingstelling.......................................................................................................26

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, 4.5.2. Hoger beroep tegen beschikkingen van de Raadkamer......................................................26
4.5.3. Toezicht op de onderzoeksrechter.....................................................................................26
4.5.4. Controle op de regelmatigheid van de onderzoeksverrichtingen.......................................26
4.5.5. Beslissen over eerherstel....................................................................................................26
4.6. Bij de vonnisrechter...................................................................................................................26
4.6.1. Materiële bevoegdheid van de vonnisgerechten in strafzaken..........................................26
4.6.2. Het verloop van de terechtzittingen bij de vonnisrechter...................................................27
4.6.3. Mogelijke beslissingen van de vonnisrechter.....................................................................27
5. Grondige wijzigingen in het strafprocesrecht op til?........................................................................32
1. De algemene bestanddelen van een misdrijf....................................................................................33
1.1. Het materieel bestanddeel van een misdrijf..............................................................................34
1.2. De wederrechtelijkheid.............................................................................................................34
1.3. Het zedelijke of morele bestanddeel van een misdrijf...............................................................36
1.4. De strafwaardigheid..................................................................................................................38
2. Wettelijke indeling van de misdrijven...............................................................................................39
2.1. Criterium van onderscheid : de zwaarte van de straf................................................................42
2.2. Belang van het onderscheid.......................................................................................................43
2.2.1. Bevoegde rechtbank...........................................................................................................43
2.2.2. Verjaringstermijn van de strafvordering.............................................................................43
2.2.3. Verjaringstermijn van de strafuitvoering............................................................................45
2.2.4. Recidive..............................................................................................................................45
2.2.5. Poging.................................................................................................................................46
2.2.6. Deelneming.........................................................................................................................46
2.2.7. Samenloop..........................................................................................................................47
2.2.8. Internering..........................................................................................................................47
3. De reacties op een misdrijf...............................................................................................................48
3.1. De straffen.................................................................................................................................48
3.1.1. Essentiële kenmerken van een straf...................................................................................48
3.1.2. Straftoemeting....................................................................................................................49
3.2.3. De Strafuitvoering...............................................................................................................50
3.1.3. Indeling van de straffen in hoofd-, bijkomende en vervangende straffen..........................50
3.1.4. De “Klassieke” vrijheidsstraffen: gevangenisstraf, opsluiting en de hechtenis...................51
3.1.5. De geldboete......................................................................................................................55
3.1.6. De werkstraffen..................................................................................................................56
3.1.7. De straf onder elektronisch toezicht (ET)............................................................................56
3.1.8. De autonome probatiestraf................................................................................................57

3

, 3.1.9. De bijkomende straffen......................................................................................................58
3.1.10. Kunnen uitgesproken straffen achteraf kwijtgescholden worden?..................................59
3.2. Administratieve sancties............................................................................................................60
3.2.1. Algemeen............................................................................................................................60
3.2.2. Gemeentelijke administratieve sancties.............................................................................61
3.3. Burgerrechtelijke sancties.........................................................................................................63
3.3.1. De schadevergoeding..........................................................................................................63
3.3.2. Gerechtskosten...................................................................................................................63
3.3.3. Teruggave...........................................................................................................................63
3.4. Bijdrage aan het slachtofferhulpfonds.......................................................................................63
3.5. Internering.................................................................................................................................63
3.6. Jeugdsancties.............................................................................................................................64




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