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samenvatting biomedisch colleges blok 2B

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samenvattingen van de biomedisch colleges van blok 2B

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  • March 2, 2016
  • 14
  • 2015/2016
  • Summary
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BMD.CO.1:
neurofysiologie van
herstelmechanismen
in het CZS.

Herhaling
prikkeloverdracht:

Je hebt 3 verschillende soorten neuronen
(zenuwcellen)
- sensorische neuronen (perifeer)
- motorische neuronen (perifeer)
- schakelneuronen (centraal)
Taken van de sensorische neuronen
- ontvangst door de dendrieten
- geleiding door de axon
- overdracht door de eindknoppen

Dendrieten (boom)




Synaps:
- elekrische prikkel
- neurotransmitter
- depolarisatie

Plasticiteit:
Veranderbaarheid:
- celniveau (neuronaal)
- neuronen
- axonen
- synapsen
- orgaanniveau (hersenen)
- circuits
- velden
- individuniveau (gedrag)

Ontwikkeling:

, Hersenen baby: 350g
Hersenen volwassene: 1300g
Maar ze hebben hetzelfde aantal neuronen
De synapsen veranderen
- dendrieten
- axonen
Synapsen stijgen en daarna wordt het weer minder
Per neuron in de cortex:
- 2500 synapsen bij geboorte
- 15000 synapsen 2-3 jaar
- 7500 synapsen bij volwassene

Ontwikkeling door middel van sprouting en pruning
Sprouting= groeien
Pruning = snoeien
Verbindingen als baby zijn niet allemaal nodig

Leren:
Stimulus- respons leren: associatief leren voorbeeld: strooptest
- habituatie: prikkel die je niet nodig hebt uit wil zetten
- sensitisatie: continue dezelfde prikkel
Fysiologie van leren
- synaptisch contact
- hebbiaansleren
- LTP en LTD
- STDP

Hebbiaans leren:
Neurons that fire together, wire together
2 neuronen die continue prikkelen maar steeds na elkaar dan wordt de
verbinding tussen de synapsen sterker.

Lange termijn potentiatie:




Lange termijn potentiatie (LTP) en depressie(LTD)

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