Unit 8 physiology of human body systems assignment 1
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Unit 8 physiology of human body systems
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PEARSON (PEARSON)
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P3 Task 1 Describe the gross anatomy and function of the organs of the
lymphatic system.
Thymus which has a structure that is pinkish-grey in colour and is made up of two lobes
resting in the chest it is below the neck also enlarged at the duration of your childhood.
Moreover it is known to shrink really quick after puberty each of the lobes contain many
lobules that are made up of a medulla and an outer cortex. The medulla consists of larger
mature T lymphocytes where as the cortex contains smaller immature T lymphocytes. (Teach
me anatomy Author unknown, 2021)
The organ itself is specialised this provides a site for the generation and maturing of T
lymphocytes it also regulates the immune system between the development of cells that
are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Moreover it controls the central tolerance
which is really important because if it is lost then it can expose you to autoimmune disease
which can be really severe its main purpose is to produce white blood cells they are part of
the immune system and help fight off infection.(Teach me anatomy Author unknown, 2021)
The spleen which is located in the upper left of the abdomen is made up of two tissue types
also known as red pulp and white pulp red pulp filters the blood and also contains a
numerous amount of macrophages and phagocytic cells. White pulp which is known to
contain loads of antigen presenting cells and lymphocytes moreover contains efferent
, lymphatic vessels which help to carry the lymph away from the spleen.(The spleen Anatomy,
function, and disease, Author unknown 2021)
The most important function of the spleen is that it filters blood and traps all the old red
blood cells and that then allows new red blood cells to pass through the red pulp
additionally it is also known to store platelets and can release a cup sized amount of blood
during the time of extreme trauma to prevent the effects of blood loss. The main purpose of
the spleen really is that it filters the blood and breaks the red blood cells and save any left
components into iron.(The spleen: Anatomy, function, and disease, Author unknown 2021)
Tonsils which each have a network of crypts that store B lymphocytes there are four main
pairs of tonsils which are as follows lingual, palatine, tubal, and adenoid. The function of the
tonsils is to trap and destroy pathogens as they enter the mouth. This also comes under the
first lines of defence category against infection they also contain M cells these help to
collect the antigens that are produced by the pathogen the main purpose of the tonsils is to
stop germs from entering the body through both nose and mouth.(Tonsil Pictures, Anatomy
& Function | Body Maps, Author unknown, 2021)
Lacteals are found in the villi of the intestines and are also a type of lymph drainage vessel it
goes up the centre of the villi and then joins up to the lymph vessel in the intestinal wall.
The function of the lacteals allow for absorption of chylomicrons and a lipoprotein made
from when the fatty acids have digested and emulsified its purpose is also the same as its
function it absorbs dietary fats.(Lacteal - Wikipedia, Author unknown, 2021)
Valves are semilunar structures that attach to the opposite sides of the lymph vessel
although lymphatic capillaries do not have valves. Its function is really important because it
helps to stop the blood going backwards (backflow) and pumps it back towards the heart to
make sure it returns the lymph fluid to the blood by the subclavian veins purpose is same as
function stops the blood from going backwards.(Heart Valves, Anatomy and Function Author
unknown, 2021)
Lymph vessels which are coated with endothelial cells and have a narrow layer of smooth
muscle also the outer wall helps to bind the lymph vessels to the surrounding tissue in
addition to this they also have valves which intercept the backflow of the lymph so it can
resume going forwards only. Its function is to transport lymph all around the body to the
most specific lymphatic organs its purpose also involves collecting vessels that deliver lymph
to lymph nodes and blood circulation.(Biological functions of lymphatic vessels Author
unknown,2021)
The axilla which is an anatomical region located under the shoulder joint where the arm is
connected to the shoulder also it contains reasonable neurovascular structures such as the
axillary artery, brachial plexus, and axillary vein. The main function for the axillary lymph is
to drain lymph or a clear white fluid made from white blood cells its functions and purposes
are the same they both drain lymph. (Axillary Lymph Nodes Anatomy, Diagram & Function
| Body Maps, Author unknonw2021)
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